PMID- 27633577
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170629
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1535-3699 (Electronic)
IS  - 1535-3702 (Print)
IS  - 1535-3699 (Linking)
VI  - 242
IP  - 2
DP  - 2017 Jan
TI  - Hemostatic mechanism underlying microbubble-enhanced non-focused ultrasound in 
      the treatment of a rabbit liver trauma model.
PG  - 231-240
LID - 10.1177/1535370216669835 [doi]
AB  - The aim of our study was to investigate the hemostatic mechanism underlying 
      microbubble-enhanced non-focused ultrasound treatment of liver trauma. Thirty 
      rabbits with liver trauma were randomly divided into three groups-the 
      microbubble-enhanced ultrasound (MEUS; further subdivided based on exposure 
      intensity into MEUS1 [0.11 W/cm(2)], MEUS2 [0.55 W/cm(2)], and MEUS3 
      [1.1 W/cm(2)]), ultrasound without microbubbles (US), and microbubbles without 
      ultrasound (MB) groups. The pre- and post-treatment bleeding weight and visual 
      bleeding scores were evaluated. The serum liver enzyme concentrations as well as 
      the blood perfusion level represented by mean peak contrast intensity (PI) ratio 
      in the treatment area were analyzed. The hemostatic mechanism was evaluated by 
      histological and transmission electron microscopic examination of liver tissue 
      samples. The MEUS subgroups 1-3 (grade 0-1, grade 0-2, and grade 1-2, 
      respectively) exhibited significantly lower post-treatment visual bleeding scores 
      than the US and MB groups (both, grade 3-4; all, P < 0.05). Subgroups MEUS1 
      (0.346 +/- 0.345 g) and MEUS2 (2.232 +/- 2.256 g) exhibited significantly lower 
      post-treatment bleeding weight than the US and MB groups (5.698 +/- 1.938 and 
      5.688 +/- 2.317 g, respectively; all, P < 0.05). Additionally, MEUS subgroups 1-3 
      exhibited significantly lower post-treatment blood perfusion levels (PI ratios, 
      0.64 +/- 0.085, 0.73 +/- 0.045, and 0.84 +/- 0.034, respectively) than the US and MB 
      groups (PI ratios, 1.00 +/- 0.005 and 0.99 +/- 0.005, respectively; all, P < 0.05). 
      In the MEUS group, hepatic cells became edematous and compressed the hepatic 
      sinus and associated blood vessels. However, the serum liver enzyme levels were 
      not significantly altered. Microbubble-enhanced non-focused ultrasound does not 
      significantly affect blood perfusion and liver function and can be used to induce 
      rapid hemostasis in case of liver trauma.
FAU - Zhao, Da-Wei
AU  - Zhao DW
AD  - 1 Department of Ultrasound, Daping Hospital & Institute of Surgery Research, 
      Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China.
FAU - Tian, Meng
AU  - Tian M
AD  - 1 Department of Ultrasound, Daping Hospital & Institute of Surgery Research, 
      Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China.
FAU - Yang, Jian-Zheng
AU  - Yang JZ
AD  - 1 Department of Ultrasound, Daping Hospital & Institute of Surgery Research, 
      Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China.
FAU - Du, Peng
AU  - Du P
AD  - 1 Department of Ultrasound, Daping Hospital & Institute of Surgery Research, 
      Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China.
FAU - Bi, Jie
AU  - Bi J
AD  - 1 Department of Ultrasound, Daping Hospital & Institute of Surgery Research, 
      Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China.
FAU - Zhu, Xinjian
AU  - Zhu X
AD  - 2 State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital & 
      Institute of Surgery Research, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 
      400042, P.R. China.
FAU - Li, Tao
AU  - Li T
AD  - 1 Department of Ultrasound, Daping Hospital & Institute of Surgery Research, 
      Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20161004
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Exp Biol Med (Maywood)
JT  - Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.)
JID - 100973463
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Hepatocytes/pathology/ultrastructure
MH  - *Liver/enzymology/injuries/pathology
MH  - Microbubbles/*therapeutic use
MH  - Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
MH  - Rabbits
MH  - Ultrasonic Therapy/*methods
MH  - Ultrasonography/*methods
MH  - Wounds and Injuries/*therapy
PMC - PMC5167118
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Ultrasound
OT  - hemorrhage
OT  - hemostasis
OT  - liver
OT  - microbubbles
OT  - therapy
EDAT- 2016/09/17 06:00
MHDA- 2017/07/01 06:00
PMCR- 2017/07/01
CRDT- 2016/09/17 06:00
PHST- 2016/09/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/07/01 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/09/17 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/07/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 1535370216669835 [pii]
AID - 10.1177_1535370216669835 [pii]
AID - 10.1177/1535370216669835 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2017 Jan;242(2):231-240. doi: 10.1177/1535370216669835. 
      Epub 2016 Oct 4.