PMID- 27633650
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170418
LR  - 20170418
IS  - 1600-0536 (Electronic)
IS  - 0105-1873 (Linking)
VI  - 75
IP  - 5
DP  - 2016 Nov
TI  - Comparative sensitizing potencies of fragrances, preservatives, and hair dyes.
PG  - 265-275
LID - 10.1111/cod.12683 [doi]
AB  - The local lymph node assay (LLNA) is used for assessing sensitizing potential in 
      hazard identification and risk assessment for regulatory purposes. Sensitizing 
      potency on the basis of the LLNA is categorized into extreme (EC3 value of 
      </=0.2%), strong (>0.2% to </=2%), and moderate (>2%). To compare the sensitizing 
      potencies of fragrance substances, preservatives, and hair dye substances, which 
      are skin sensitizers that frequently come into contact with the skin of consumers 
      and workers, LLNA results and EC3 values for 72 fragrance substances, 25 
      preservatives and 107 hair dye substances were obtained from two published 
      compilations of LLNA data and opinions by the Scientific Committee on Consumer 
      Safety and its predecessors. The median EC3 values of fragrances (n = 61), 
      preservatives (n = 19) and hair dyes (n = 59) were 5.9%, 0.9%, and 1.3%, 
      respectively. The majority of sensitizing preservatives and hair dyes are thus 
      strong or extreme sensitizers (EC3 value of </=2%), and fragrances are mostly 
      moderate sensitizers. Although fragrances are typically moderate sensitizers, 
      they are among the most frequent causes of contact allergy. This indicates that 
      factors other than potency need to be addressed more rigorously in risk 
      assessment and risk management.
CI  - (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
FAU - Liden, Carola
AU  - Liden C
AD  - Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, 
      Sweden. carola.liden@ki.se.
FAU - Yazar, Kerem
AU  - Yazar K
AD  - Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, 
      Sweden.
FAU - Johansen, Jeanne D
AU  - Johansen JD
AD  - Department of Dermato-Allergology, National Allergy Research Centre, Copenhagen 
      University Hospital Gentofte, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark.
FAU - Karlberg, Ann-Therese
AU  - Karlberg AT
AD  - Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Dermatochemistry, University of 
      Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
FAU - Uter, Wolfgang
AU  - Uter W
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4498-3710
AD  - Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, 
      Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen/Nurnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
FAU - White, Ian R
AU  - White IR
AD  - Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's 
      Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK.
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - England
TA  - Contact Dermatitis
JT  - Contact dermatitis
JID - 7604950
RN  - 0 (Allergens)
RN  - 0 (Hair Dyes)
RN  - 0 (Perfume)
RN  - 0 (Preservatives, Pharmaceutical)
SB  - IM
MH  - Allergens/*toxicity
MH  - Animals
MH  - Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/*etiology
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Hair Dyes/*toxicity
MH  - *Immunization
MH  - Local Lymph Node Assay
MH  - Perfume/*toxicity
MH  - Preservatives, Pharmaceutical/*toxicity
MH  - Risk Assessment
MH  - Skin Tests
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - EC3 value
OT  - Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety
OT  - fragrances
OT  - hair dyes
OT  - hazard
OT  - preservatives
OT  - risk assessment
EDAT- 2016/09/17 06:00
MHDA- 2017/04/19 06:00
CRDT- 2016/09/17 06:00
PHST- 2016/07/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/07/31 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2016/08/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/09/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/04/19 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/09/17 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1111/cod.12683 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Contact Dermatitis. 2016 Nov;75(5):265-275. doi: 10.1111/cod.12683.