PMID- 27649142
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170329
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1422-0067 (Electronic)
IS  - 1422-0067 (Linking)
VI  - 17
IP  - 9
DP  - 2016 Sep 13
TI  - Targeted Therapies for Brain Metastases from Breast Cancer.
LID - 10.3390/ijms17091543 [doi]
LID - 1543
AB  - The discovery of various driver pathways and targeted small molecule 
      agents/antibodies have revolutionized the management of metastatic breast cancer. 
      Currently, the major targets of clinical utility in breast cancer include the 
      human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and epidermal growth factor 
      receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor, mechanistic 
      target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, and the cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK-4/6) 
      pathway. Brain metastasis, however, remains a thorn in the flesh, leading to 
      morbidity, neuro-cognitive decline, and interruptions in the management of 
      systemic disease. Approximately 20%-30% of patients with metastatic breast cancer 
      develop brain metastases. Surgery, whole brain radiation therapy, and 
      stereotactic radiosurgery are the traditional treatment options for patients with 
      brain metastases. The therapeutic paradigm is changing due to better 
      understanding of the blood brain barrier and the advent of tyrosine kinase 
      inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies. Several of these agents are in clinical 
      practice and several others are in early stage clinical trials. In this article, 
      we will review the common targetable pathways in the management of breast cancer 
      patients with brain metastases, and the current state of the clinical development 
      of drugs against these pathways.
FAU - Venur, Vyshak Alva
AU  - Venur VA
AD  - Division of Hematology, Oncology, Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation, 
      Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa 
      City, IA 52242, USA. vyshak-alvavenur@uiowa.edu.
FAU - Leone, Jose Pablo
AU  - Leone JP
AD  - Division of Hematology, Oncology, Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation, 
      Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa 
      City, IA 52242, USA. jose-leone@uiowa.edu.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20160913
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Mol Sci
JT  - International journal of molecular sciences
JID - 101092791
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal)
RN  - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents)
RN  - 0 (Protein Kinase Inhibitors)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH  - Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH  - Blood-Brain Barrier/drug effects
MH  - Brain Neoplasms/*drug therapy/genetics/immunology/*secondary
MH  - Breast Neoplasms/*drug therapy/genetics/immunology
MH  - Clinical Trials as Topic
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Molecular Targeted Therapy/*methods
MH  - Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH  - Signal Transduction/drug effects
MH  - Survival Analysis
MH  - Treatment Outcome
PMC - PMC5037817
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - CDK-4/6
OT  - EGFR
OT  - HER2
OT  - PI3K
OT  - VEGF
OT  - brain metastases
OT  - breast cancer
OT  - mTOR
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2016/09/21 06:00
MHDA- 2017/03/31 06:00
PMCR- 2016/09/01
CRDT- 2016/09/21 06:00
PHST- 2016/07/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/09/01 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2016/09/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/09/21 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/09/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/03/31 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/09/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijms17091543 [pii]
AID - ijms-17-01543 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijms17091543 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Mol Sci. 2016 Sep 13;17(9):1543. doi: 10.3390/ijms17091543.