PMID- 27650853
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170517
LR  - 20170517
IS  - 1618-1301 (Electronic)
IS  - 0018-442X (Linking)
VI  - 67
IP  - 5
DP  - 2016 Oct
TI  - What to expect from an evolutionary hypothesis for a human disease: The case of 
      type 2 diabetes.
PG  - 349-368
LID - S0018-442X(16)30044-0 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.jchb.2016.07.001 [doi]
AB  - Evolutionary medicine has a promise to bring in a conceptual revolution in 
      medicine. However, as yet the field does not have the same theoretical rigour as 
      that of many other fields in evolutionary studies. We discuss here with reference 
      to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) what role an evolutionary hypothesis should 
      play in the development of thinking in medicine. Starting with the thrifty gene 
      hypothesis, evolutionary thinking in T2DM has undergone several transitions, 
      modifications and refinements of the thrift family of hypotheses. In addition 
      alternative hypotheses independent of thrift are also suggested. However, most 
      hypotheses look at partial pictures; make selective use of supportive data 
      ignoring inconvenient truths. Most hypotheses look at a superficial picture and 
      avoid getting into the intricacies of underlying molecular, neuronal and 
      physiological processes. Very few hypotheses have suggested clinical implications 
      and none of them have been tested with randomized clinical trials. In the 
      meanwhile the concepts in the pathophysiology of T2DM are undergoing radical 
      changes and evolutionary hypotheses need to take them into account. We suggest an 
      approach and a set of criteria to evaluate the relative merits of the alternative 
      hypotheses. A number of hypotheses are likely to fail when critically evaluated 
      against these criteria. It is possible that more than one selective process are 
      at work in the evolution of propensity to T2DM, but the intercompatibility of the 
      alternative selective forces and their relative contribution needs to be 
      examined. The approach we describe could potentially lead to a sound evolutionary 
      theory that is clinically useful and testable by randomized controlled clinical 
      trials.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
FAU - Watve, Milind
AU  - Watve M
AD  - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 
      Pune 411008, India. Electronic address: milind@iiserpune.ac.in.
FAU - Diwekar-Joshi, Manawa
AU  - Diwekar-Joshi M
AD  - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 
      Pune 411008, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20160906
PL  - Germany
TA  - Homo
JT  - Homo : internationale Zeitschrift fur die vergleichende Forschung am Menschen
JID - 0374655
SB  - IM
MH  - *Biological Evolution
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*etiology/genetics/physiopathology
MH  - Genetic Association Studies
MH  - Humans
MH  - Insulin Resistance
MH  - *Models, Biological
MH  - Obesity/complications/genetics
MH  - Starvation/complications
EDAT- 2016/09/22 06:00
MHDA- 2017/05/18 06:00
CRDT- 2016/09/22 06:00
PHST- 2015/11/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/07/28 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/09/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/05/18 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/09/22 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0018-442X(16)30044-0 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jchb.2016.07.001 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Homo. 2016 Oct;67(5):349-368. doi: 10.1016/j.jchb.2016.07.001. Epub 2016 Sep 6.