PMID- 27655362
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170215
LR  - 20231213
IS  - 1873-4316 (Electronic)
IS  - 1389-2010 (Linking)
VI  - 17
IP  - 13
DP  - 2016
TI  - Optimization of Ultrasonic-Microwave Synergistic Extraction of Ricinine from 
      Castor Cake by Response Surface Methodology.
PG  - 1126-1133
AB  - Castor cake is the residue in castor oil production in which many active 
      components exist and the major one among them is ricinine. In this study, 
      optimization of extraction of ricinine from castor cake using 
      ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction (UMSE) was investigated to obtain 
      high yield and purity by Box-Behnken design (BBD) response surface design. The 
      optimal conditions of extraction were: ultrasound power 342 W, extracting time 5 
      min, microwave power 395 W, and non-significant factor of liquid/solid ratio 
      1:10. The crude extraction was recrystallized from ethanol. As a result, the 
      maximum yield of ricinine was approximately 67.52%. The purity of ricinine was 
      99.39% which was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 
      Additionally, the structure of purified ricinine was identified by fourier 
      transforms infrared (FTIR) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). 
      Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to characterize the prismatic 
      crystals morphology of ricinine. Results demonstrated that the present method 
      combined the advantages of ultrasonic extraction and microwave extraction, which 
      is time-saving with high extraction yield. Our results offer a suitable method 
      for large-scale isolation of ricinine.
FAU - Xu, Wei
AU  - Xu W
FAU - Yan, Xiuhua
AU  - Yan X
FAU - Shao, Rong
AU  - Shao R
AD  - School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, 
      Yancheng 224051, China. sr@ycit.cn.
FAU - Chen, Ligen
AU  - Chen L
FAU - Ke, Zengguang
AU  - Ke Z
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Curr Pharm Biotechnol
JT  - Current pharmaceutical biotechnology
JID - 100960530
RN  - 0 (Alkaloids)
RN  - 0 (Plant Extracts)
RN  - 0 (Pyridones)
RN  - 130UFS7AE0 (ricinine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Alkaloids/*isolation & purification
MH  - Ricinus communis/*chemistry
MH  - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods
MH  - Mass Spectrometry
MH  - *Microwaves
MH  - Plant Extracts/*isolation & purification
MH  - Pyridones/*isolation & purification
MH  - Surface Properties
MH  - *Ultrasonics
EDAT- 2016/09/23 06:00
MHDA- 2017/02/16 06:00
CRDT- 2016/09/23 06:00
PHST- 2015/01/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/07/29 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2016/08/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/09/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/02/16 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/09/23 06:00 [entrez]
AID - CPB-EPUB-78429 [pii]
AID - 10.2174/1389201017666160920091657 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2016;17(13):1126-1133. doi: 
      10.2174/1389201017666160920091657.