PMID- 27688961
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20161005
LR  - 20201001
IS  - 2167-8359 (Print)
IS  - 2167-8359 (Electronic)
IS  - 2167-8359 (Linking)
VI  - 4
DP  - 2016
TI  - In situ visualization of bacterial populations in coral tissues: pitfalls and 
      solutions.
PG  - e2424
LID - 10.7717/peerj.2424 [doi]
LID - e2424
AB  - In situ visualization of microbial communities within their natural habitats 
      provides a powerful approach to explore complex interactions between 
      microorganisms and their macroscopic hosts. Specifically, the application of 
      fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to simultaneously identify and 
      visualize diverse microbial taxa associated with coral hosts, including symbiotic 
      algae (Symbiodinium), Bacteria, Archaea, Fungi and protists, could help untangle 
      the structure and function of these diverse taxa within the coral holobiont. 
      However, the application of FISH approaches to coral samples is constrained by 
      non-specific binding of targeted rRNA probes to cellular structures within the 
      coral animal tissues (including nematocysts, spirocysts, granular gland cells 
      within the gastrodermis and cnidoglandular bands of mesenterial filaments). This 
      issue, combined with high auto-fluorescence of both host tissues and 
      endosymbiotic dinoflagellates (Symbiodinium), make FISH approaches for analyses 
      of coral tissues challenging. Here we outline the major pitfalls associated with 
      applying FISH to coral samples and describe approaches to overcome these 
      challenges.
FAU - Wada, Naohisa
AU  - Wada N
AD  - Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Science, Nihon 
      University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan; Australian Institute of Marine Science, 
      Townsville, Queensland, Australia; AIMS@JCU, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
FAU - Pollock, Frederic J
AU  - Pollock FJ
AD  - Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; 
      AIMS@JCU, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Department of Biology, Eberly 
      College of Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United 
      States; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University of 
      North Queensland, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; College of Science and 
      Engineering, James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Queensland, 
      Australia.
FAU - Willis, Bette L
AU  - Willis BL
AD  - AIMS@JCU, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral 
      Reef Studies, James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Queensland, 
      Australia; College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University of North 
      Queensland, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
FAU - Ainsworth, Tracy
AU  - Ainsworth T
AD  - ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University of North 
      Queensland , Townsville , Queensland , Australia.
FAU - Mano, Nobuhiro
AU  - Mano N
AD  - Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Science, Nihon 
      University , Fujisawa , Kanagawa , Japan.
FAU - Bourne, David G
AU  - Bourne DG
AD  - Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; 
      AIMS@JCU, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; College of Science and Engineering, 
      James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20160920
PL  - United States
TA  - PeerJ
JT  - PeerJ
JID - 101603425
PMC - PMC5036075
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Bacteria
OT  - Coral
OT  - Fluorescence in situ hybridization
OT  - Holobiont
OT  - In situ visualization
COIS- The authors declare there are no competing interests.
EDAT- 2016/10/01 06:00
MHDA- 2016/10/01 06:01
PMCR- 2016/09/20
CRDT- 2016/10/01 06:00
PHST- 2016/06/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/08/09 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/10/01 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/10/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/10/01 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2016/09/20 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 2424 [pii]
AID - 10.7717/peerj.2424 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PeerJ. 2016 Sep 20;4:e2424. doi: 10.7717/peerj.2424. eCollection 2016.