PMID- 27690198
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170424
LR  - 20231213
IS  - 1537-6524 (Electronic)
IS  - 1537-6516 (Linking)
VI  - 26
IP  - 6
DP  - 2016 Jul
TI  - E-cigarette aerosols induce lower oxidative stress in vitro when compared to 
      tobacco smoke.
PG  - 465-476
AB  - Tobacco smoking is a risk factor for various diseases. The underlying cellular 
      mechanisms are not fully characterized, but include oxidative stress, apoptosis, 
      and necrosis. Electronic-cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have emerged as an alternative 
      to and a possible means to reduce harm from tobacco smoking. E-cigarette vapor 
      contains significantly lower levels of toxicants than cigarette smoke, but 
      standardized methods to assess cellular responses to exposure are not well 
      established. We investigated whether an in vitro model of the airway epithelium 
      (human bronchial epithelial cells) and commercially available assays could 
      differentiate cellular stress responses to aqueous aerosol extracts (AqE) 
      generated from cigarette smoke and e-cigarette aerosols. After exposure to AqE 
      concentrations of 0.063-0.500 puffs/mL, we measured the intracellular glutathione 
      ratio (GSH:GSSG), intracellular generation of oxidant species, and activation of 
      the nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-controlled antioxidant 
      response elements (ARE) to characterize oxidative stress. Apoptotic and necrotic 
      responses were characterized by increases in caspase 3/7 activity and reductions 
      in viable cell protease activities. Concentration-dependent responses indicative 
      of oxidative stress were obtained for all endpoints following exposure to 
      cigarette smoke AqE: intracellular generation of oxidant species increased by up 
      to 83%, GSH:GSSG reduced by 98.6% and transcriptional activation of ARE increased 
      by up to 335%. Caspase 3/7 activity was increased by up to 37% and the viable 
      cell population declined by up to 76%. No cellular stress responses were detected 
      following exposure to e-cigarette AqE. The methods used were suitably sensitive 
      to be employed for comparative studies of tobacco and nicotine products.
FAU - Taylor, Mark
AU  - Taylor M
AD  - a Research and Development Center, British American Tobacco Plc , Southampton , 
      UK.
FAU - Carr, Tony
AU  - Carr T
AD  - a Research and Development Center, British American Tobacco Plc , Southampton , 
      UK.
FAU - Oke, Oluwatobiloba
AU  - Oke O
AD  - a Research and Development Center, British American Tobacco Plc , Southampton , 
      UK.
FAU - Jaunky, Tomasz
AU  - Jaunky T
AD  - a Research and Development Center, British American Tobacco Plc , Southampton , 
      UK.
FAU - Breheny, Damien
AU  - Breheny D
AD  - a Research and Development Center, British American Tobacco Plc , Southampton , 
      UK.
FAU - Lowe, Frazer
AU  - Lowe F
AD  - a Research and Development Center, British American Tobacco Plc , Southampton , 
      UK.
FAU - Gaca, Marianna
AU  - Gaca M
AD  - a Research and Development Center, British American Tobacco Plc , Southampton , 
      UK.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Toxicol Mech Methods
JT  - Toxicology mechanisms and methods
JID - 101134521
RN  - 0 (Aerosols)
RN  - 0 (Smoke)
RN  - 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Aerosols/chemistry/*toxicity
MH  - Bronchi/cytology/drug effects
MH  - Cell Culture Techniques
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems/*adverse effects
MH  - Epithelial Cells/*drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Nicotine/chemistry/toxicity
MH  - Oxidative Stress/*drug effects
MH  - Smoke/*adverse effects
MH  - Nicotiana/toxicity
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Bronchial epithelial
OT  - cigarette smoke
OT  - e-cigarettes
OT  - in vitro
OT  - oxidative stress
EDAT- 2016/11/01 06:00
MHDA- 2017/04/25 06:00
CRDT- 2016/10/01 06:00
PHST- 2016/11/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/04/25 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/10/01 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1080/15376516.2016.1222473 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Toxicol Mech Methods. 2016 Jul;26(6):465-476. doi: 10.1080/15376516.2016.1222473.