PMID- 27705834
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170323
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1879-1298 (Electronic)
IS  - 0045-6535 (Linking)
VI  - 166
DP  - 2017 Jan
TI  - 1,3-Dinitrobenzene reductive degradation by alkaline ascorbic acid - Reaction 
      mechanisms, degradation pathways and reagent optimization.
PG  - 482-488
LID - S0045-6535(16)31304-2 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.103 [doi]
AB  - Nitro-aromatic compounds (NACs) such as 1,3-dinitrobenzene (1,3-DNB) contain the 
      nitrogroup (-NO(2)), in which the N with a +III oxidation state accepts 
      electrons. Water soluble ascorbic acid (AsA) at elevated pH produces electron 
      transfer and governs the electron-donating pathway. The influence of the NaOH/AsA 
      molar ratio on the degradation of 1,3-DNB was investigated. Using 0.21-2 M NaOH 
      and 20-100 mM AsA, nearly complete 1,3-DNB removals (90-100%) were achieved 
      within 0.5 h. On the basis of intermediates identified using GC/MS, the reduction 
      pathways of 1,3-DNB can be categorized into step-by-step electron transfer, and 
      condensation routes. A higher NaOH/AsA molar ratio would result in relatively 
      higher AsA decomposition, promote the condensation route into the formation of 
      azo- and azoxy-compounds, and ultimately reduce 1,3-DNB to 1,3-phenylenediamine. 
      Contaminated soil flushing using 500 mM NaOH/100 mM AsA revealed that 1,3-DNB was 
      completely degraded within 2 h. Based on these test results, the alkaline AsA 
      treatment method is a potential remediation process for NACs contaminated soils.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Ciou, Chiya
AU  - Ciou C
AD  - Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University 250, 
      Kuo-kuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
FAU - Liang, Chenju
AU  - Liang C
AD  - Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University 250, 
      Kuo-kuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan. Electronic address: cliang@nchu.edu.tw.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20161002
PL  - England
TA  - Chemosphere
JT  - Chemosphere
JID - 0320657
RN  - 0 (Dinitrobenzenes)
RN  - 0 (Nitro Compounds)
RN  - 0 (Phenylenediamines)
RN  - 0 (Soil Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - 059QF0KO0R (Water)
RN  - 55X04QC32I (Sodium Hydroxide)
RN  - DK8B627BU0 (3-dinitrobenzene)
RN  - OE624J2447 (3-phenylenediamine)
RN  - PQ6CK8PD0R (Ascorbic Acid)
SB  - IM
MH  - Ascorbic Acid/*chemistry
MH  - Dinitrobenzenes/*chemistry
MH  - Electrons
MH  - Environmental Restoration and Remediation
MH  - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
MH  - Nitro Compounds/chemistry
MH  - Oxidation-Reduction
MH  - Phenylenediamines/chemistry
MH  - Sodium Hydroxide/*chemistry
MH  - Soil Pollutants/chemistry
MH  - Water
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Explosive
OT  - In situ chemical reduction (ISCR)
OT  - Nitroaromatic compound
OT  - Soil and groundwater remediation
OT  - Vitamin C
EDAT- 2016/10/06 06:00
MHDA- 2017/03/24 06:00
CRDT- 2016/10/06 06:00
PHST- 2016/07/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/08/29 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2016/09/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/10/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/03/24 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/10/06 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0045-6535(16)31304-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.103 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Chemosphere. 2017 Jan;166:482-488. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.103. Epub 
      2016 Oct 2.