PMID- 27707355
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170316
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 1944-0057 (Electronic)
IS  - 1944-0057 (Linking)
VI  - 33
IP  - 12
DP  - 2016 Dec
TI  - Validation and application of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry 
      based method for the assessment of the co-occurrence of mycotoxins in maize 
      silages from dairy farms in NW Spain.
PG  - 1850-1863
AB  - The first objective of this study was the validation of an efficient 
      multi-analyte method for the simultaneous detection and quantification of 
      mycotoxins in maize silage, by reverse-phase liquid chromatography coupled with 
      electrospray ionisation triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-HESI-MS/MS). A 
      simple liquid/solid extraction was performed either with clean-up on Mycospin 400 
      columns or without any clean-up. Almost all the target mycotoxins showed 
      highly-suppressed signals in the presence of a matrix, emphasising the need to 
      quantitate mycotoxins by means of matrix-matched calibrations. An alternative 
      validation method based on ISO 11843 and on a single factor balanced design was 
      implemented. The achieved average recoveries from spiked samples at three levels 
      ranged from 60% to 122% with relative standard deviations (rsd) below 11%. Limits 
      of Detection (LODs) and Limits of Quantification (LOQs) were between 
      0.02-17.1 microg kg(-1) and 0.06-57 microg kg(-1). The calculated repeatability and 
      within-lab reproducibility ranged from 5.2 to 23.2% and from 7.2 to 23.9%, 
      respectively. Finally, the decision limit and detection capacity, CCalpha and CCbeta, 
      were calculated for all mycotoxins having regulated/recommended contents in feed. 
      The validated method was applied to 148 samples collected over two years in 19 
      dairy farms from Galicia (NW Spain). Of the analysed samples, 62% contained at 
      least one mycotoxin. Zearalenone (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisins B1 and 
      B2, roquefortine C, alpha-zearalenol, beta-zearalenol, enniatins B and B1, andrastin A, 
      marcfortine A, verruculogen and mycophenolic acid were quantified, the highest 
      average detection frequency being for enniatin B (51%). DON, mycophenolic acid 
      and ZEA plus metabolites (alpha-zearalenol, beta-zearalenol) were the most abundant 
      mycotoxins.
FAU - Dagnac, Thierry
AU  - Dagnac T
AD  - a Department of Animal Production , INGACAL (Galician Institute for Food Quality) 
      -CIAM (Agrarian and Agronomic Research Centre), Laboratory of Food/Feed Safety 
      and Organic Contaminants , A Coruna , Spain.
FAU - Latorre, Alicia
AU  - Latorre A
AD  - a Department of Animal Production , INGACAL (Galician Institute for Food Quality) 
      -CIAM (Agrarian and Agronomic Research Centre), Laboratory of Food/Feed Safety 
      and Organic Contaminants , A Coruna , Spain.
FAU - Fernandez Lorenzo, Bruno
AU  - Fernandez Lorenzo B
AD  - a Department of Animal Production , INGACAL (Galician Institute for Food Quality) 
      -CIAM (Agrarian and Agronomic Research Centre), Laboratory of Food/Feed Safety 
      and Organic Contaminants , A Coruna , Spain.
FAU - Llompart, Maria
AU  - Llompart M
AD  - b Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science. Faculty of 
      Chemistry , Campus Vida. University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de 
      Compostela , Spain.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Validation Study
DEP - 20161026
PL  - England
TA  - Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess
JT  - Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & 
      risk assessment
JID - 101485040
RN  - 0 (Mycotoxins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Chromatography, Liquid
MH  - *Dairying
MH  - *Farms
MH  - Food Contamination/*analysis
MH  - Mycotoxins/*analysis
MH  - Silage/*analysis
MH  - Spain
MH  - Tandem Mass Spectrometry
MH  - Zea mays/*chemistry
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Multi-mycotoxin method
OT  - clean-up free extraction
OT  - maize silage
OT  - mass spectrometry
OT  - monitoring
OT  - validation strategy
EDAT- 2016/10/07 06:00
MHDA- 2017/03/17 06:00
CRDT- 2016/10/07 06:00
PHST- 2016/10/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/03/17 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/10/07 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1080/19440049.2016.1243806 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2016 
      Dec;33(12):1850-1863. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1243806. Epub 2016 Oct 26.