PMID- 27718163 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20170102 LR - 20181202 IS - 1179-1918 (Electronic) IS - 1173-2563 (Linking) VI - 36 IP - 11 DP - 2016 Nov TI - Hydrocodone Bitartrate ER (Hysingla((R)) ER): A Review in Chronic Pain. PG - 969-980 AB - Hydrocodone bitartrate extended-release (Hysingla((R)) ER; referred to hereafter as hydrocodone ER) was the first single-entity hydrocodone formulation recognized by the US FDA as having abuse-deterrent properties. It is indicated for the management of pain severe enough to require daily, around-the-clock, long-term opioid treatment and for which alternative treatment options are inadequate. Once-daily oral hydrocodone ER provides consistent plasma hydrocodone concentrations and sustained analgesia over the 24-h dosing interval. Its physicochemical properties render hydrocodone ER harder to manipulate physically, which is expected to deter intranasal, intravenous and oral abuse. For instance, oral hydrocodone ER (intact or chewed) significantly reduced drug liking relative to hydrocodone solution in a clinical study. In two large phase III studies in patients with chronic pain, hydrocodone ER reduced pain intensity, with its effects seen early (during dose titration) and maintained during