PMID- 27766299
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20200930
IS  - 2352-3859 (Print)
IS  - 2352-3859 (Electronic)
VI  - 5
DP  - 2016 Sep
TI  - Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Etiology, Treatment, and Prevention of 
      Depression: Current Status and Future Directions.
PG  - 96-106
AB  - Over the past three decades a body of translational evidence has implicated 
      dietary deficiency in long-chain omega-3 (LCn-3) fatty acids, including 
      eicosapenaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in the pathophysiology 
      and etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Cross-national and 
      cross-sectional data suggest that greater habitual intake of preformed EPA+DHA is 
      associated with reduced risk for developing depressive symptoms and syndromal 
      MDD. Erythrocyte EPA and DHA composition is highly correlated with habitual fish 
      or fish oil intake, and case-control studies have consistently observed lower 
      erythrocyte EPA and/or DHA levels in patients with MDD. Low erythrocyte EPA+DHA 
      composition may also be associated with increased risk for suicide and 
      cardiovascular disease, two primary causes of excess premature mortality in MDD. 
      While controversial, dietary EPA+DHA supplementation may have antidepressant 
      properties and may augment the therapeutic efficacy of antidepressant 
      medications. Neuroimaging and rodent neurodevelopmental studies further suggest 
      that low LCn-3 fatty acid intake or biostatus can recapitulate central 
      pathophysiological features associated with MDD. Prospective findings suggest 
      that low LCn-3 fatty acid biostatus increases risk for depressive symptoms in 
      part by augmenting pro-inflammatory responsivity. When taken collectively, these 
      translational findings provide a strong empirical foundation in support of 
      dietary LCn-3 fatty acid deficiency as a modifiable risk factor for MDD. This 
      review provides an overview of this translational evidence and then discusses 
      future directions including strategies to translate this evidence into routine 
      clinical screening and treatment algorithms.
FAU - McNamara, Robert K
AU  - McNamara RK
AD  - Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Division of Bipolar 
      Disorders Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 
      45219-0516.
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 DK097599/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 MH097818/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 MH107378/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20160504
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - J Nutr Intermed Metab
JT  - Journal of nutrition & intermediary metabolism
JID - 101682791
PMC - PMC5067138
MID - NIHMS784676
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
OT  - Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)
OT  - Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids
OT  - Major depressive disorder
EDAT- 2016/10/22 06:00
MHDA- 2016/10/22 06:01
PMCR- 2017/09/01
CRDT- 2016/10/22 06:00
PHST- 2016/10/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/10/22 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2016/10/22 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/09/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1016/j.jnim.2016.04.004 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Nutr Intermed Metab. 2016 Sep;5:96-106. doi: 10.1016/j.jnim.2016.04.004. Epub 
      2016 May 4.