PMID- 27798696
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170615
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 10
DP  - 2016
TI  - A Simple Novel Technique of Infrared Meibography by Means of Spectral-Domain 
      Optical Coherence Tomography: A Cross-Sectional Clinical Study.
PG  - e0165558
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0165558 [doi]
LID - e0165558
AB  - PURPOSE: To compare a novel spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) 
      technique with traditional lid transillumination for evaluation of meibomian 
      glands (MGs) and to assess the relation of MG morphologic changes to the 
      glandular atrophy. DESIGN: Evaluation of diagnostic technology. PARTICIPANTS: 
      Sixty-one patients with obstructive MGD (30 men, 31 women; age [mean +/- standard 
      deviation] 45.1 +/- 12.1 years), and 75 control subjects (32 men, 43 women; 44.1 +/- 
      12.5 years) were recruited in order to have a balanced distribution of glandular 
      features. METHODS: Agreement between SD-OCT and lid transillumination examination 
      for the detection of drop-out (partial or complete loss of MGs) and microscopic 
      changes (i.e. shortening, distortion, segmentation and entanglement), as well as 
      the relationship between morphological features and MG atrophy were evaluated. 
      MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Agreement between the two meibographic techniques, bias in 
      symmetry of classification, and association analysis between microscopic changes 
      and MG dropout. RESULTS: Overall agreement for all morphological features was 
      substantial (Cohen kappa coefficient = 0.77; p<0.001), even if, the majority of 
      disagreement occurred for cases with segmentation, where agreement was present in 
      only 108 (81.82%) of 132 eyes with adequate images for interpretation, and where 
      SD-OCT tended to diagnose more cases not detected by traditional lid 
      transillumination (McNemar test, p<0.001). Moreover, segmentation and distortion 
      pattern negatively correlated with the degree of drop-out, whereas shortening and 
      entanglement pattern demonstrated only a weak correlation (Spearman's rho was 
      -0.691, -0.491, -0.359, -0.385, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Each method has its 
      advantages but in general there was close agreement between these meibographic 
      techniques, particularly for MG dropout, which supports the reliability of our 
      novel, simple and patient-friendly SD-OCT approach.
FAU - Napoli, Pietro Emanuele
AU  - Napoli PE
AD  - Department of Surgical Sciences, Eye Clinic, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, 
      Italy.
FAU - Coronella, Franco
AU  - Coronella F
AD  - Department of Surgical Sciences, Eye Clinic, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, 
      Italy.
FAU - Satta, Giovanni Maria
AU  - Satta GM
AD  - Department of Surgical Sciences, Eye Clinic, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, 
      Italy.
FAU - Iovino, Claudio
AU  - Iovino C
AD  - Department of Surgical Sciences, Eye Clinic, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, 
      Italy.
FAU - Sanna, Raffaele
AU  - Sanna R
AD  - Department of Surgical Sciences, Eye Clinic, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, 
      Italy.
FAU - Fossarello, Maurizio
AU  - Fossarello M
AD  - Department of Surgical Sciences, Eye Clinic, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, 
      Italy.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20161031
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Atrophy
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Eyelid Diseases/*diagnostic imaging/pathology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
MH  - Male
MH  - Meibomian Glands/*diagnostic imaging/pathology
MH  - Microscopy
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Tomography, Optical Coherence/*methods
PMC - PMC5087862
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2016/11/01 06:00
MHDA- 2017/06/16 06:00
PMCR- 2016/10/31
CRDT- 2016/11/01 06:00
PHST- 2016/03/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/10/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/11/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/06/16 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/11/01 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/10/31 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-16-11635 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0165558 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2016 Oct 31;11(10):e0165558. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165558. 
      eCollection 2016.