PMID- 27805825
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170127
LR  - 20190518
IS  - 0261-1929 (Print)
IS  - 0261-1929 (Linking)
VI  - 44
IP  - 5
DP  - 2016 Oct
TI  - Skin sensitisation, adverse outcome pathways and alternatives.
PG  - 431-436
AB  - For toxicologists who are in any way associated with skin sensitisation, the last 
      two decades have seen a series of fundamental changes. We have migrated from 
      old-style guinea-pig assays, via the refined and reduced Local Lymph Node Assay 
      (LLNA), to witness the imminent dominance of in vitro and in silico methods. Yet, 
      over the same period, the use of the output data for human safety assurance has 
      evolved from 'black box' risk assessment, via the quantitative risk assessment 
      enabled by the LLNA measurement of potency, to a new period of relative 
      uncertainty. This short review will endeavour to address these topics, all the 
      while keeping a focus on three essential principles: a) that skin sensitisation 
      potential is intrinsic in the molecular structure of the chemical; b) that test 
      methods should have a mechanistic foundation; and finally c) that the only reason 
      for undertaking any skin sensitisation work has to be the protection of human 
      health.
CI  - 2016 FRAME.
FAU - Basketter, David
AU  - Basketter D
AD  - DABMEB Consultancy Ltd, Sharnbrook, UK.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - England
TA  - Altern Lab Anim
JT  - Alternatives to laboratory animals : ATLA
JID - 8110074
SB  - IM
MH  - Animal Testing Alternatives/*methods
MH  - Animal Welfare
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Dermatitis, Contact
MH  - Humans
MH  - Local Lymph Node Assay
EDAT- 2016/11/03 06:00
MHDA- 2017/01/28 06:00
CRDT- 2016/11/03 06:00
PHST- 2016/11/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/01/28 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/11/03 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1177/026119291604400501 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Altern Lab Anim. 2016 Oct;44(5):431-436. doi: 10.1177/026119291604400501.