PMID- 27810612
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20171013
LR  - 20200109
IS  - 1778-3585 (Electronic)
IS  - 0924-9338 (Linking)
VI  - 39
DP  - 2017 Jan
TI  - Inflammatory, cardio-metabolic and diabetic profiling of chronic schizophrenia.
PG  - 1-10
LID - S0924-9338(16)30063-3 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.05.010 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: There is a growing interest in low-grade inflammatory and metabolic 
      alterations in patients with chronic schizophrenia (SCH). METHODS: Inflammatory 
      (tumor-necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-alpha], interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma], interleukins [IL-1alpha, 
      IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10], monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 
      [MCP-1]) and growth factors (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], epidermal 
      growth factor [EGF]) were measured in blood serum samples of 105 SCH patients and 
      148 control subjects (CS). Simultaneously the clinical biomarkers (C-reactive 
      protein [CRP], triglycerides [TG], low-density lipoprotein [LDL-c] and 
      high-density lipoprotein [HDL-c] cholesterol, glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c]) were 
      measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated for patients. RESULTS: Several 
      cyto-/chemokines (IFN-gamma, MCP-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10) were significantly 
      (P<0.0000001) elevated in SCH patients compared to CS. Odds ratios, obtained from 
      logistic regression analyses, were significantly elevated for IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, 
      INF-gamma, and decreased for TNF-alpha in SCH group. Among the patients, higher IL-2, 
      IL-6, INF-gamma and lower MCP-1 levels as well as male gender were together 
      significant (P<0.000001) predictors of higher HbA1c levels, and TG/HDL-c 
      parameter was associated with ratios of INF-gamma/IL-10 (P=0.004), and INF-gamma/IL-4 
      (P=0.049), HbA1c (P=0.005), INF-gamma (P=0.009), as well as LDL-c (P=0.02) levels. 
      CONCLUSIONS: IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-gamma were the most significant SCH-related 
      markers among the measured cytokines in our patient group. Furthermore, 
      significant associations between pro-/anti-inflammatory imbalance and HbA1c as 
      well as cardio-metabolic risk marker (TG/HDL-c) were observed, indicating higher 
      risks of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases among SCH patients.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
FAU - Balotsev, R
AU  - Balotsev R
AD  - Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatry Clinic of Tartu 
      University Hospital, Raja 31, 50417 Tartu, Estonia. Electronic address: 
      roman.balotsev@kliinikum.ee.
FAU - Koido, K
AU  - Koido K
AD  - Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, 
      University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia; Centre of Excellence for 
      Genomics and Translational Medicine, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia.
FAU - Vasar, V
AU  - Vasar V
AD  - Psychiatry Clinic of Tartu University Hospital, Raja 31, 50417 Tartu, Estonia.
FAU - Janno, S
AU  - Janno S
AD  - Psychiatry Clinic of Tartu University Hospital, Raja 31, 50417 Tartu, Estonia.
FAU - Kriisa, K
AU  - Kriisa K
AD  - Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, 
      University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia; Centre of Excellence for 
      Genomics and Translational Medicine, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia.
FAU - Mahlapuu, R
AU  - Mahlapuu R
AD  - Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, 
      University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia; Centre of Excellence for 
      Genomics and Translational Medicine, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia.
FAU - Ljubajev, U
AU  - Ljubajev U
AD  - Psychiatry Department, Psychiatry Clinic of Tartu University Hospital, Raja 31, 
      50417 Tartu, Estonia.
FAU - Parksepp, M
AU  - Parksepp M
AD  - Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatry Clinic of Tartu 
      University Hospital, Raja 31, 50417 Tartu, Estonia.
FAU - Veiksaar, P
AU  - Veiksaar P
AD  - Psychiatry Department, Psychiatry Clinic of Tartu University Hospital, Raja 31, 
      50417 Tartu, Estonia.
FAU - Volke, V
AU  - Volke V
AD  - Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, 
      University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia; Centre of Excellence for 
      Genomics and Translational Medicine, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia; 
      Endocrinology Unit, Internal Medicine Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Puusepa 
      8, 50406 Tartu, Estonia.
FAU - Lang, A
AU  - Lang A
AD  - Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, 
      University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia; Centre of Excellence for 
      Genomics and Translational Medicine, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia.
FAU - Haring, L
AU  - Haring L
AD  - Department of the Out-Patient, Psychiatry Clinic of Tartu University Hospital, 
      Raja 31, 50417 Tartu, Estonia.
FAU - Zilmer, M
AU  - Zilmer M
AD  - Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, 
      University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia; Centre of Excellence for 
      Genomics and Translational Medicine, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia.
FAU - Vasar, E
AU  - Vasar E
AD  - Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, 
      University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia; Centre of Excellence for 
      Genomics and Translational Medicine, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20161101
PL  - England
TA  - Eur Psychiatry
JT  - European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists
JID - 9111820
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A)
RN  - 62229-50-9 (Epidermal Growth Factor)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Cytokines/*blood
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications/*metabolism
MH  - Epidermal Growth Factor/*blood
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Inflammation/*blood
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Obesity/metabolism
MH  - Schizophrenia/complications/*metabolism
MH  - Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/*blood
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cardio-metabolic risk factors
OT  - Cytokines and growth factors
OT  - Inflammation
OT  - Type-2 diabetes
EDAT- 2016/11/05 06:00
MHDA- 2017/10/14 06:00
CRDT- 2016/11/05 06:00
PHST- 2016/01/26 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/05/08 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2016/05/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/11/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/10/14 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/11/05 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0924-9338(16)30063-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.05.010 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eur Psychiatry. 2017 Jan;39:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.05.010. Epub 2016 
      Nov 1.