PMID- 27813342
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20171011
LR  - 20171011
IS  - 1747-0803 (Electronic)
IS  - 1747-079X (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 2
DP  - 2017 Mar
TI  - Effect of solute temperature in the measurement of cardiac output in children 
      using the thermodilution technique.
PG  - 181-187
LID - 10.1111/chd.12423 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVES: The primary aim of this study was to compare thermodilution (TD) 
      cardiac index (TDCi) measured by injecting cold saline (C-TDCi) to saline at room 
      temperature (R-TDCi). The secondary aim was to assess the change in body 
      temperature with cold saline injections in children. DESIGN: This is a 
      prospective, case control study. SETTING: Cardiac catheterization lab at Le 
      Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee. PATIENTS: Eighty-six children 
      </=18 years of age that underwent cardiac catheterization between April 2013 and 
      April 2015, excluding patients with admixing lesions, on inotropic support and 
      with ejection fraction < 30%. INTERVENTIONS: A TD catheter in the main pulmonary 
      artery was used to measure cardiac output (CO). Each patient received manual 
      injections of saline at room temperature followed by cold saline to calculate the 
      CO. OUTCOME MEASURES: CO by C-TDCi, R-TDCi, and Fick-Ci were compared using four 
      different statistical methods. RESULTS: R-TDCi and Fick-Ci had a strong linear 
      correlation (rho = 0.91 and 0.77, respectively; P < 0.0001) to C-TDCi. R-TDCi and 
      Fick-Ci also had high 1:1 intra-class correlation to C-TDCi (ICC-rho= 0.82 and 
      0.68, respectively; P < 0.01). 96% confidence limits by equivalence testing for 
      R-TDCi and Fick-Ci were 0.98-1.02 and 0.96-1.05 respectively (P < 0.0001), when 
      compared to C-TDCi. Mean difference (+/-SD) calculated by Bland-Altman analysis 
      showed a higher score for R-TDCi (0.012 +/- 0.32 L/min/m(2) ) compared to Fick-Ci 
      (0.2 +/- 0.72 L/min/m(2) ), but it was not statistically different (P = 0.25). In a 
      subgroup analysis of children </=2 years (n = 27), the results from all 3 
      techniques were equivalent. There was a 0.2 +/- 0.16 masculineC drop in BT compared to a 
      0.08 +/- 0.19 masculineC drop in those >2 years (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac indexes 
      determined by Fick, C-TDCi, and R-TDCi were equivalent in children. Saline at 
      room temperature can be used as an alternative to cold saline to avoid potential 
      drop in body temperature of these patients.
CI  - (c) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
FAU - Sathanandam, Shyam
AU  - Sathanandam S
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, LeBonheur Children's 
      Hospital, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
FAU - Kashyap, Pooja
AU  - Kashyap P
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, LeBonheur Children's 
      Hospital, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
FAU - Zurakowski, David
AU  - Zurakowski D
AD  - Department of Biostatistics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
FAU - Bird, Lindsey
AU  - Bird L
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, LeBonheur Children's 
      Hospital, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
FAU - McGhee, Vera
AU  - McGhee V
AD  - UTHSC Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
FAU - Towbin, Jeffrey
AU  - Towbin J
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, LeBonheur Children's 
      Hospital, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
FAU - Rush Waller, Benjamin 3rd
AU  - Rush Waller B 3rd
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, LeBonheur Children's 
      Hospital, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20161104
PL  - United States
TA  - Congenit Heart Dis
JT  - Congenital heart disease
JID - 101256510
RN  - 451W47IQ8X (Sodium Chloride)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Age Factors
MH  - Body Temperature Regulation
MH  - *Cardiac Catheterization
MH  - *Cardiac Output
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - *Cold Temperature
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant
MH  - Injections
MH  - Linear Models
MH  - Male
MH  - Predictive Value of Tests
MH  - Prospective Studies
MH  - Sodium Chloride/*administration & dosage
MH  - Tennessee
MH  - Thermodilution/*methods
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - cardiac output
OT  - catheterization
OT  - pediatrics
EDAT- 2016/11/05 06:00
MHDA- 2017/10/12 06:00
CRDT- 2016/11/05 06:00
PHST- 2016/09/13 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/09/27 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2016/10/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/11/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/10/12 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/11/05 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1111/chd.12423 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Congenit Heart Dis. 2017 Mar;12(2):181-187. doi: 10.1111/chd.12423. Epub 2016 Nov 
      4.