PMID- 27843701
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170705
LR  - 20210109
IS  - 2162-3279 (Electronic)
VI  - 6
IP  - 11
DP  - 2016 Nov
TI  - Dissociable roles of medial and lateral PFC in rule learning.
PG  - e00551
LID - e00551
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Although the neural basis of rule learning is of great interest to 
      cognitive neuroscientists, the pattern of transient brain activation during rule 
      discovery remains to be investigated. METHOD: In this study, we measured 
      event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during distinct phases 
      of rule learning. Twenty-one healthy human volunteers were presented with a 
      series of cards, each containing a clock-like display of 12 circles numbered 
      sequentially. Participants were instructed that a fictitious animal would move 
      from one circle to another either in a regular pattern (according to a rule 
      hidden in consecutive trials) or randomly. Participants were then asked to judge 
      whether a given step followed a rule. RESULTS: While the rule-search phase evoked 
      more activation in the posterior lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC), the 
      rule-following phase caused stronger activation in the anterior medial prefrontal 
      cortex (MPFC). Importantly, the intermediate phase, the rule-discovery phase 
      evoked more activations in MPFC and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) than 
      rule search, and more activations in LPFC than rule following. CONCLUSION: 
      Therefore, we can conclude that the medial and lateral PFC have dissociable 
      contributions in rule learning.
FAU - Cao, Bihua
AU  - Cao B
AD  - School of Psychology JiangXi Normal University Nanchang China.
FAU - Li, Wei
AU  - Li W
AD  - School of Psychology JiangXi Normal University Nanchang China.
FAU - Li, Fuhong
AU  - Li F
AD  - School of Psychology JiangXi Normal University Nanchang China.
FAU - Li, Hong
AU  - Li H
AD  - School of Psychology and Sociology Shengzhen University Shenzhen China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20160819
PL  - United States
TA  - Brain Behav
JT  - Brain and behavior
JID - 101570837
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Choice Behavior/physiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Learning/*physiology
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
MH  - Male
MH  - Prefrontal Cortex/diagnostic imaging/*physiology
MH  - Problem Solving/physiology
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC5102646
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - medial prefrontal cortex
OT  - rule discovery
OT  - rule learning
EDAT- 2016/11/16 06:00
MHDA- 2017/07/06 06:00
PMCR- 2016/08/19
CRDT- 2016/11/16 06:00
PHST- 2016/02/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/07/13 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2016/07/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/11/16 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/11/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/07/06 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/08/19 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - BRB3551 [pii]
AID - 10.1002/brb3.551 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Brain Behav. 2016 Aug 19;6(11):e00551. doi: 10.1002/brb3.551. eCollection 2016 
      Nov.