PMID- 27853833
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170817
LR  - 20230525
IS  - 1420-9071 (Electronic)
IS  - 1420-682X (Linking)
VI  - 74
IP  - 8
DP  - 2017 Apr
TI  - A researcher's guide to the galaxy of IRESs.
PG  - 1431-1455
LID - 10.1007/s00018-016-2409-5 [doi]
AB  - The idea of internal initiation is frequently exploited to explain the peculiar 
      translation properties or unusual features of some eukaryotic mRNAs. In this 
      review, we summarize the methods and arguments most commonly used to address 
      cases of translation governed by internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs). Frequent 
      mistakes are revealed. We explain why "cap-independent" does not readily mean 
      "IRES-dependent" and why the presence of a long and highly structured 5' 
      untranslated region (5'UTR) or translation under stress conditions cannot be 
      regarded as an argument for appealing to internal initiation. We carefully 
      describe the known pitfalls and limitations of the bicistronic assay and 
      artefacts of some commercially available in vitro translation systems. We explain 
      why plasmid DNA transfection should not be used in IRES studies and which control 
      experiments are unavoidable if someone decides to use it anyway. Finally, we 
      propose a workflow for the validation of IRES activity, including fast and simple 
      experiments based on a single genetic construct with a sequence of interest.
FAU - Terenin, Ilya M
AU  - Terenin IM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3384-0589
AD  - Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State 
      University, Moscow, 119234, Russia. terenin@genebee.msu.ru.
AD  - Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 
      119334, Russia. terenin@genebee.msu.ru.
FAU - Smirnova, Victoria V
AU  - Smirnova VV
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1472-3555
AD  - Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State 
      University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
AD  - Department of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State 
      University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
FAU - Andreev, Dmitri E
AU  - Andreev DE
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5320-3045
AD  - Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State 
      University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
FAU - Dmitriev, Sergey E
AU  - Dmitriev SE
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1774-8475
AD  - Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State 
      University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
AD  - Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 
      119334, Russia.
AD  - Department of Biochemistry, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State 
      University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
FAU - Shatsky, Ivan N
AU  - Shatsky IN
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4428-9905
AD  - Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State 
      University, Moscow, 119234, Russia. shatsky@genebee.msu.ru.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20161116
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Cell Mol Life Sci
JT  - Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS
JID - 9705402
RN  - 0 (5' Untranslated Regions)
RN  - 0 (Eukaryotic Initiation Factors)
RN  - 0 (Internal Ribosome Entry Sites)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
SB  - IM
MH  - 5' Untranslated Regions
MH  - Animals
MH  - Eukaryotic Initiation Factors/metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Internal Ribosome Entry Sites
MH  - Peptide Chain Initiation, Translational
MH  - Protein Biosynthesis
MH  - RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Ribosomes/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Transfection
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Bicistronic vector
OT  - CITE
OT  - Cap-independent translation
OT  - Cellular IRES
OT  - RNA transfection
OT  - RRL
EDAT- 2016/11/18 06:00
MHDA- 2017/08/18 06:00
CRDT- 2016/11/18 06:00
PHST- 2016/07/13 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/11/02 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/11/01 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2016/11/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/08/18 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/11/18 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s00018-016-2409-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s00018-016-2409-5 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Cell Mol Life Sci. 2017 Apr;74(8):1431-1455. doi: 10.1007/s00018-016-2409-5. Epub 
      2016 Nov 16.