PMID- 27865502
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170522
LR  - 20171216
IS  - 1525-3198 (Electronic)
IS  - 0022-0302 (Linking)
VI  - 100
IP  - 1
DP  - 2017 Jan
TI  - Retail lighting and packaging influence consumer acceptance of fluid milk.
PG  - 146-156
LID - S0022-0302(16)30809-8 [pii]
LID - 10.3168/jds.2016-11673 [doi]
AB  - Little is known about the effect of retail light-emitting diode (LED) exposure on 
      consumer acceptance of milk. The study objective was to determine effects of 
      fluorescent and LED lighting under retail storage conditions on consumer 
      acceptance of milk. Consumer acceptance of milk stored under retail conditions 
      was determined through sensory evaluation (2 studies; n=150+ each) and analytical 
      measures (dissolved oxygen, secondary oxidation products, riboflavin retention). 
      Study 1 evaluated milk stored in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) packages for 4h 
      under LED light (960 lx). Commercially available HDPE package treatments included 
      translucent HDPE (most commonly used), white HDPE [low concentration (1.3%) 
      TiO(2)], and yellow HDPE; in addition, HDPE with a higher TiO(2) concentration 
      (high white; 4.9% TiO(2)) and a foil-wrapped translucent HDPE (control) were 
      tested. Translucent and control packages also were tested under fluorescent 
      light. Study 2 evaluated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packages for 4h under 
      fluorescent and LED light (1,460 lx). The PET packaging included 2 treatments 
      (medium, 4.0% TiO(2); high, 6.6% TiO(2)) as well as translucent HDPE (exposed to 
      fluorescent), clear PET (fluorescent and LED), and light-protected control. 
      Overall mean acceptability of milk ranged from "like slightly" to "like 
      moderately" with significantly lower acceptability for milk exposed to 
      fluorescent light. Milk in HDPE and PET packages had comparable overall 
      acceptability scores when exposed to LED light. Only the fluorescent light 
      condition (both PET and HDPE) diminished overall acceptability. Fluorescent light 
      exposure negatively influenced flavor with significant penalty (2.0-2.5 integers) 
      to overall acceptability of milk in translucent HDPE and clear PET. The LED also 
      diminished aftertaste of milk packaged in translucent HDPE. Changes in dissolved 
      oxygen content, as an indication of oxidation, supported the observed differences 
      in consumer acceptance of milk stored under fluorescent and LED light. Consumers 
      like the flavor of fresh milk, which can be protected by selecting appropriate 
      packaging that blocks detrimental light wavelengths.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2017 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. 
      All rights reserved.
FAU - Potts, H L
AU  - Potts HL
AD  - Department of Food Science & Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State 
      University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg 24061.
FAU - Amin, K N
AU  - Amin KN
AD  - Department of Food Science & Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State 
      University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg 24061.
FAU - Duncan, S E
AU  - Duncan SE
AD  - Department of Food Science & Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State 
      University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg 24061. Electronic address: duncans@vt.edu.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20161117
PL  - United States
TA  - J Dairy Sci
JT  - Journal of dairy science
JID - 2985126R
RN  - 9002-88-4 (Polyethylene)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Consumer Behavior
MH  - *Food Packaging
MH  - Light
MH  - Lighting
MH  - Milk/*chemistry
MH  - Polyethylene
MH  - Taste
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - light-emitting diode (LED)
OT  - milk
OT  - oxidation
OT  - sensory
EDAT- 2016/11/21 06:00
MHDA- 2017/05/23 06:00
CRDT- 2016/11/21 06:00
PHST- 2016/06/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/09/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/11/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/05/23 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/11/21 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0022-0302(16)30809-8 [pii]
AID - 10.3168/jds.2016-11673 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Dairy Sci. 2017 Jan;100(1):146-156. doi: 10.3168/jds.2016-11673. Epub 2016 Nov 
      17.