PMID- 27902703
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170926
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 11
DP  - 2016
TI  - Sleep Apnea, Sleep Debt and Daytime Sleepiness Are Independently Associated with 
      Road Accidents. A Cross-Sectional Study on Truck Drivers.
PG  - e0166262
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0166262 [doi]
LID - e0166262
AB  - BACKGROUND: Recent research has found evidence of an association between motor 
      vehicle accidents (MVAs) or near miss accidents (NMAs), and excessive daytime 
      sleepiness (EDS) or its main medical cause, Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). 
      However, EDS can also be due to non-medical factors, such as sleep debt (SD), 
      which is common among professional truck drivers. On the opposite side, rest 
      breaks and naps are known to protect against accidents. STUDY OBJECTIVES: To 
      investigate the association of OSA, SD, EDS, rest breaks and naps, with the 
      occurrence of MVAs and NMAs in a large sample of truck drivers. METHODS: 949 male 
      truck drivers took part in a cross-sectional medical examination and were asked 
      to complete a questionnaire about sleep and waking habits, risk factors for OSA 
      and EDS. RESULTS: MVAs and NMAs were reported by 34.8% and 9.2% of participants, 
      respectively. MVAs were significantly predicted by OSA (OR = 2.32 CI95% = 
      1.68-3.20), SD (OR = 1.45 CI95% = 1.29-1.63), EDS (OR = 1.73 CI95% = 1.15-2.61) 
      and prevented by naps (OR = 0.59 CI95% = 0.44-0.79) or rest breaks (OR = 0.63 
      CI95% = 0.45-0.89). NMAs were significantly predicted by OSA (OR = 2.39 CI95% = 
      1.47-3.87) and SD (OR = 1.49 CI95% = 1.27-1.76) and prevented by naps (OR = 0.52 
      CI95% = 0.32-0.85) or rest breaks (OR = 0.49 CI95% = 0.29-0.82). CONCLUSIONS: 
      When OSA, SD or EDS are present, the risk of MVAs or NMAs in truck drivers is 
      severely increased. Taking a rest break or a nap appear to be protective against 
      accidents.
FAU - Garbarino, Sergio
AU  - Garbarino S
AD  - Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and 
      Maternal/Child Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
AD  - Department of Health Sciences, Postgraduate School in Occupational Medicine, 
      University of Genoa and Occupational Medicine Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST, 
      Genoa, Italy.
FAU - Durando, Paolo
AU  - Durando P
AD  - Department of Health Sciences, Postgraduate School in Occupational Medicine, 
      University of Genoa and Occupational Medicine Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST, 
      Genoa, Italy.
FAU - Guglielmi, Ottavia
AU  - Guglielmi O
AD  - Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and 
      Maternal/Child Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
FAU - Dini, Guglielmo
AU  - Dini G
AD  - Department of Health Sciences, Postgraduate School in Occupational Medicine, 
      University of Genoa and Occupational Medicine Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST, 
      Genoa, Italy.
FAU - Bersi, Francesca
AU  - Bersi F
AD  - Department of Health Sciences, Postgraduate School in Occupational Medicine, 
      University of Genoa and Occupational Medicine Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST, 
      Genoa, Italy.
FAU - Fornarino, Stefania
AU  - Fornarino S
AD  - Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and 
      Maternal/Child Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
FAU - Toletone, Alessandra
AU  - Toletone A
AD  - Department of Health Sciences, Postgraduate School in Occupational Medicine, 
      University of Genoa and Occupational Medicine Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST, 
      Genoa, Italy.
FAU - Chiorri, Carlo
AU  - Chiorri C
AD  - Department of Educational Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
FAU - Magnavita, Nicola
AU  - Magnavita N
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0988-7344
AD  - Institute of Public Health, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20161130
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
SB  - IM
MH  - Accidents, Occupational/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Accidents, Traffic/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Adult
MH  - Automobile Driving/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Disorders of Excessive Somnolence/*epidemiology/physiopathology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Italy/epidemiology
MH  - Male
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/*epidemiology/physiopathology
MH  - Sleep Stages/*physiology
MH  - Surveys and Questionnaires
MH  - Work Schedule Tolerance
PMC - PMC5130193
COIS- Medical examinations were funded by CNH-Iveco. The funders had no role in study 
      design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the 
      manuscript. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing 
      data and materials. Print expenses will be covered with University Funds D.1 
      (year 2015) of the corresponding author (NM).
EDAT- 2016/12/03 06:00
MHDA- 2017/09/28 06:00
PMCR- 2016/11/30
CRDT- 2016/12/01 06:00
PHST- 2016/07/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/10/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/12/01 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/12/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/09/28 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/11/30 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-16-30268 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0166262 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2016 Nov 30;11(11):e0166262. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166262. 
      eCollection 2016.