PMID- 27908549
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170626
LR  - 20170817
IS  - 1873-1244 (Electronic)
IS  - 0899-9007 (Linking)
VI  - 33
DP  - 2017 Jan
TI  - Noni leaf and black tea enhance bone regeneration in estrogen-deficient rats.
PG  - 42-51
LID - S0899-9007(16)30197-6 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.nut.2016.08.006 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Black tea and Nonileaf are among the dietary compounds that can 
      benefit patients with bone resorption disorders. Their bone regeneration effects 
      and their mechanisms were studied in estrogen-deficient rats. METHODS: Noni 
      leaves (three doses) and black tea water extracts were fed to ovariectomized rats 
      for 4 mo, and their effects (analyzed via mechanical measurements, micro-computed 
      tomography scan, and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction mRNA) were 
      compared with Remifemin (a commercial phytoestrogen product from black cohosh). 
      RESULTS: The water extracts (dose-dependently for noni leaves) increased bone 
      regeneration biomarker (runt-related transcription factor 2, bone morphogenetic 
      protein 2, osteoprotegerin, estrogen receptor 1 [ESR1], collagen type I alpha 1A) 
      expressions and reduced the inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin-6, tumor 
      necrosis factor-alpha, nuclear factor [NF]-kappaB, and receptor activator of NF-kappaB 
      ligand) mRNA expressions/levels in the rats. The extracts also improved bone 
      physical and mechanical properties. The extracts demonstrated bone regeneration 
      through improving bone size and structure, bone mechanical properties (strength 
      and flexibility), and bone mineralization and density. CONCLUSIONS: The 
      catechin-rich extract favored bone regeneration and suppressed bone resorption. 
      The mechanisms involved enhancing osteoblast generation and survival, inhibiting 
      osteoclast growth and activities, suppressing inflammation, improving bone 
      collagen synthesis and upregulating ESR1 expression to augment phytoestrogenic 
      effects. Estrogen deficiency bone loss and all extracts studied (best effect from 
      Morinda leaf at 300 mg/kg body weight) mitigated the loss, indicating benefits 
      for the aged and menopausal women.
CI  - Copyright A(c) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Shalan, Nor Aijratul Asikin Mohd
AU  - Shalan NA
AD  - UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra 
      Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
FAU - Mustapha, Noordin M
AU  - Mustapha NM
AD  - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
FAU - Mohamed, Suhaila
AU  - Mohamed S
AD  - UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra 
      Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: mohamed.suhaila@gmail.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20160907
PL  - United States
TA  - Nutrition
JT  - Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)
JID - 8802712
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Estrogen Receptor alpha)
RN  - 0 (Estrogens)
RN  - 0 (Phytoestrogens)
RN  - 0 (Plant Extracts)
RN  - 0 (Tea)
RN  - 9007-34-5 (Collagen)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biomarkers/metabolism
MH  - Bone Density/drug effects
MH  - Bone Regeneration/*drug effects
MH  - Bone Resorption/drug therapy
MH  - Bone and Bones/*drug effects/metabolism/pathology
MH  - *Camellia sinensis
MH  - Collagen/biosynthesis
MH  - Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism
MH  - Estrogens/deficiency
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Inflammation/metabolism/prevention & control
MH  - *Morinda
MH  - Osteoblasts/drug effects
MH  - Osteoclasts/drug effects
MH  - *Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/drug therapy/metabolism/pathology
MH  - Ovariectomy
MH  - Phytoestrogens/pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH  - Phytotherapy
MH  - Plant Extracts/*pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH  - Plant Leaves
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - *Tea
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Black tea
OT  - Bone regeneration
OT  - Epicatechin
OT  - Morinda citrifolia leaves
OT  - Remifemin
OT  - Scopoletin
EDAT- 2016/12/03 06:00
MHDA- 2017/06/27 06:00
CRDT- 2016/12/03 06:00
PHST- 2016/04/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/07/19 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2016/08/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/12/03 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/12/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/06/27 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0899-9007(16)30197-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.nut.2016.08.006 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nutrition. 2017 Jan;33:42-51. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.08.006. Epub 2016 Sep 7.