PMID- 27908936 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20171109 LR - 20181207 IS - 1943-0264 (Electronic) IS - 1943-0264 (Linking) VI - 8 IP - 12 DP - 2016 Dec 1 TI - Genome-Editing Technologies: Principles and Applications. LID - 10.1101/cshperspect.a023754 [doi] LID - a023754 AB - Targeted nucleases have provided researchers with the ability to manipulate virtually any genomic sequence, enabling the facile creation of isogenic cell lines and animal models for the study of human disease, and promoting exciting new possibilities for human gene therapy. Here we review three foundational technologies-clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs). We discuss the engineering advances that facilitated their development and highlight several achievements in genome engineering that were made possible by these tools. We also consider artificial transcription factors, illustrating how this technology can complement targeted nucleases for synthetic biology and gene therapy. CI - Copyright (c) 2016 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; all rights reserved. FAU - Gaj, Thomas AU - Gaj T AD - Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720. FAU - Sirk, Shannon J AU - Sirk SJ AD - Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305. FAU - Shui, Sai-Lan AU - Shui SL AD - Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China. FAU - Liu, Jia AU - Liu J AD - Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20161201 PL - United States TA - Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol JT - Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology JID - 101513680 RN - EC 3.1.- (Endonucleases) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats MH - Endonucleases/metabolism MH - *Gene Editing MH - Humans PMC - PMC5131771 EDAT- 2016/12/03 06:00 MHDA- 2017/11/10 06:00 PMCR- 2018/12/01 CRDT- 2016/12/03 06:00 PHST- 2016/12/03 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/12/03 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/11/10 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/12/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - cshperspect.a023754 [pii] AID - a023754 [pii] AID - 10.1101/cshperspect.a023754 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2016 Dec 1;8(12):a023754. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a023754.