PMID- 27912187
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170119
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1879-1298 (Electronic)
IS  - 0045-6535 (Linking)
VI  - 169
DP  - 2017 Feb
TI  - Holistic risk assessment of surface water contamination due to Pb-210 in oil 
      produced water from the Bakken Shale.
PG  - 627-635
LID - S0045-6535(16)31668-X [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.125 [doi]
AB  - A holistic risk assessment of surface water (SW) contamination due to lead-210 
      (Pb-210) in oil produced water (PW) from the Bakken Shale in North Dakota (ND) 
      was conducted. Pb-210 is a relatively long-lived radionuclide and very mobile in 
      water. Because of limited data on Pb-210, a simulation model was developed to 
      determine its concentration based on its parent radium-226 and historical total 
      dissolved solids levels in PW. Scenarios where PW spills could reach SW were 
      analyzed by applying the four steps of the risk assessment process. These 
      scenarios are: (1) storage tank overflow, (2) leakage in equipment, and (3) 
      spills related to trucks used to transport PW. Furthermore, a survey was 
      conducted in ND to quantify the risk perception of PW from different 
      stakeholders. Findings from the study include a low probability of a PW spill 
      reaching SW and simulated concentration of Pb-210 in drinking water higher than 
      the recommended value established by the World Health Organization. Also, after 
      including the results from the risk perception survey, the assessment indicates 
      that the risk of contamination of the three scenarios evaluated is between 
      medium-high to high.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Torres, Luisa
AU  - Torres L
AD  - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, 
      Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
FAU - Yadav, Om Prakash
AU  - Yadav OP
AD  - Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, North Dakota State 
      University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
FAU - Khan, Eakalak
AU  - Khan E
AD  - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, 
      Fargo, ND 58108, USA. Electronic address: eakalak.khan@ndsu.edu.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20161129
PL  - England
TA  - Chemosphere
JT  - Chemosphere
JID - 0320657
RN  - 0 (Lead Radioisotopes)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Radioactive)
SB  - IM
MH  - Fresh Water/*chemistry
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Hydraulic Fracking
MH  - Lead Radioisotopes/*analysis
MH  - North Dakota
MH  - Petroleum Pollution/*analysis
MH  - Radiation Monitoring/*methods
MH  - Risk Assessment
MH  - Water Pollutants, Radioactive/*analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Holistic risk assessment
OT  - Lead-210
OT  - Simulation model
OT  - Social risk perception
OT  - Surface water contamination
OT  - Unconventional onshore oil production
EDAT- 2016/12/03 06:00
MHDA- 2017/01/20 06:00
CRDT- 2016/12/03 06:00
PHST- 2016/09/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/11/19 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2016/11/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/12/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/01/20 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/12/03 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0045-6535(16)31668-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.125 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Chemosphere. 2017 Feb;169:627-635. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.125. Epub 
      2016 Nov 29.