PMID- 27913184
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180220
LR  - 20181102
IS  - 1873-6300 (Electronic)
IS  - 0891-0618 (Linking)
VI  - 80
DP  - 2017 Mar
TI  - Tolerance of hyperammonemia in brain of Heteropneustes fossilis is supported by 
      glutamate-glutamine cycle.
PG  - 11-18
LID - S0891-0618(16)30145-4 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2016.11.008 [doi]
AB  - This report presents analysis of molecular switches associated with tolerance to 
      hyperammonemia in Heteropneustes fossilis because it tolerates about 100-fold 
      more ammonia than mammals. Brains of Heteropneustes fossilis exposed to 100mM 
      ammonium chloride were dissected after Zero hour as control, 16h and 20h 
      exposure. The status of neuron and glia were analysed by Golgi staining, Luxol 
      Fast Blue, and Nissl's staining. The expression patterns of genes associated to 
      homeostasis of neuron and glia, management of oxidative stress and inflammation, 
      ammonia metabolism and brain derived neurotrophic factor were analysed through 
      reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. After 20h of hyperammonemia glia 
      were more degenerated than neurons. The expression of mRNA of lactate 
      dehydrogenase (Ldh), super oxide dismutase (Sod), catalase (Catalase), arginase-I 
      (Arg I), inducible nitric oxide (iNos), glutaminase (GA), and brain derived 
      neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) was up-regulated than the control. The levels of mRNA 
      of Arg II, glutamate dehydrogenase (Gdh), glutamine synthetase (GS), glial 
      fibrillary acidic protein (Gfap), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (Pcna) and 
      S100beta were down-regulated than control due to hyperammonemia. It appears first 
      observation on impact of hyperammonemia on the status of neurons, myelination and 
      glial cells in brain of Heteropneustes fossilis by Golgi staining, Nissl's and 
      Luxol Fast Blue staining. The distribution of ammonia and glutamate metabolising 
      enzymes in brain supports multi-centric mechanism (s) of regulation. The 
      expression of Arg I and Arg II gets inversely regulated and glutamate-glutamine 
      cycle also operates in Heteropneustes fossilis against hyperammonemia in brain.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Mishra, Suman
AU  - Mishra S
AD  - Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of 
      Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
FAU - Mishra, Rajnikant
AU  - Mishra R
AD  - Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of 
      Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India. Electronic address: 
      rmishraa@bhu.ac.in.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20161129
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - J Chem Neuroanat
JT  - Journal of chemical neuroanatomy
JID - 8902615
RN  - 0RH81L854J (Glutamine)
RN  - 3KX376GY7L (Glutamic Acid)
RN  - 63231-63-0 (RNA)
RN  - EC 3.5.3.1 (Arginase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Arginase/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Brain/pathology
MH  - *Brain Chemistry
MH  - Catfishes/*metabolism
MH  - Encephalitis/genetics/pathology
MH  - Gene Expression
MH  - Glutamic Acid/*metabolism
MH  - Glutamine/*metabolism
MH  - Hyperammonemia/*blood/genetics/pathology
MH  - Myelin Sheath/metabolism
MH  - Neurodegenerative Diseases/genetics/pathology
MH  - Neuroglia/pathology
MH  - Neurons/pathology
MH  - RNA/biosynthesis/genetics
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Arginase
OT  - Glutaminase
OT  - Golgi staining
OT  - Hyperammonemia
OT  - Neuronal degeneration
EDAT- 2016/12/04 06:00
MHDA- 2018/02/21 06:00
CRDT- 2016/12/04 06:00
PHST- 2016/08/04 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/11/27 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2016/11/27 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/12/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/02/21 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/12/04 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0891-0618(16)30145-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2016.11.008 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Chem Neuroanat. 2017 Mar;80:11-18. doi: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2016.11.008. Epub 
      2016 Nov 29.