PMID- 27921148 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20171103 LR - 20181113 IS - 1863-2300 (Electronic) IS - 1863-2297 (Linking) VI - 39 IP - 2 DP - 2017 Feb TI - Metabolites: deciphering the molecular language between DCs and their environment. PG - 177-198 LID - 10.1007/s00281-016-0609-6 [doi] AB - Dendritic cells (DCs) determine the outcome of the immune response based on signals they receive from the environment. Presentation of antigen under various contexts can lead to activation and differentiation of T cells for immunity or dampening of immune responses by establishing tolerance, primarily through the priming of regulatory T cells. Infections, inflammation and normal cellular interactions shape DC responses through direct contact or via cytokine signaling. Although it is widely accepted that DCs sense microbial components through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), increasing evidence advocates for the existence of a set of signals that can profoundly shape DC function via PRR-independent pathways. This diverse group of host- or commensal-derived metabolites represents a newly appreciated code from which DCs can interpret environmental cues. In this review, we discuss the existing information on the effect of some of the most studied metabolites on DC function, together with the implications this may have in immune-mediated diseases. FAU - Minarrieta, Lucia AU - Minarrieta L AD - Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Feodor-Lynen Strasse 7, 30625, Hannover, Germany. FAU - Ghorbani, Peyman AU - Ghorbani P AD - Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Feodor-Lynen Strasse 7, 30625, Hannover, Germany. FAU - Sparwasser, Tim AU - Sparwasser T AD - Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Feodor-Lynen Strasse 7, 30625, Hannover, Germany. FAU - Berod, Luciana AU - Berod L AD - Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Feodor-Lynen Strasse 7, 30625, Hannover, Germany. berod.luciana@mh-hannover.de. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review DEP - 20161205 PL - Germany TA - Semin Immunopathol JT - Seminars in immunopathology JID - 101308769 RN - 0 (Biomarkers) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Biomarkers MH - *Cellular Microenvironment MH - Dendritic Cells/classification/cytology/*immunology/*metabolism MH - Energy Metabolism MH - Humans MH - *Metabolome MH - Organ Specificity/immunology MH - Phenotype MH - Signal Transduction OTO - NOTNLM OT - Dendritic cells OT - Metabolism OT - Metabolites OT - Microbiota OT - Tolerance OT - Vitamins EDAT- 2016/12/07 06:00 MHDA- 2017/11/04 06:00 CRDT- 2016/12/07 06:00 PHST- 2016/07/08 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/11/14 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/12/07 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/11/04 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2016/12/07 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1007/s00281-016-0609-6 [pii] AID - 10.1007/s00281-016-0609-6 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Semin Immunopathol. 2017 Feb;39(2):177-198. doi: 10.1007/s00281-016-0609-6. Epub 2016 Dec 5.