PMID- 27932337
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20171127
LR  - 20220410
IS  - 2044-6055 (Electronic)
IS  - 2044-6055 (Linking)
VI  - 6
IP  - 12
DP  - 2016 Dec 8
TI  - Development of a critical appraisal tool to assess the quality of cross-sectional 
      studies (AXIS).
PG  - e011458
LID - 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011458 [doi]
LID - e011458
AB  - OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to develop a critical appraisal (CA) tool 
      that addressed study design and reporting quality as well as the risk of bias in 
      cross-sectional studies (CSSs). In addition, the aim was to produce a help 
      document to guide the non-expert user through the tool. DESIGN: An initial 
      scoping review of the published literature and key epidemiological texts was 
      undertaken prior to the formation of a Delphi panel to establish key components 
      for a CA tool for CSSs. A consensus of 80% was required from the Delphi panel for 
      any component to be included in the final tool. RESULTS: An initial list of 39 
      components was identified through examination of existing resources. An 
      international Delphi panel of 18 medical and veterinary experts was established. 
      After 3 rounds of the Delphi process, the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional 
      Studies (AXIS tool) was developed by consensus and consisted of 20 components. A 
      detailed explanatory document was also developed with the tool, giving expanded 
      explanation of each question and providing simple interpretations and examples of 
      the epidemiological concepts being examined in each question to aid non-expert 
      users. CONCLUSIONS: CA of the literature is a vital step in evidence synthesis 
      and therefore evidence-based decision-making in a number of different 
      disciplines. The AXIS tool is therefore unique and was developed in a way that it 
      can be used across disciplines to aid the inclusion of CSSs in systematic 
      reviews, guidelines and clinical decision-making.
CI  - Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not 
      already granted under a licence) please go to 
      http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.
FAU - Downes, Martin J
AU  - Downes MJ
AD  - Centre for Applied Health Economics, School of Medicine, Griffith University, 
      Meadowbrook, Queensland, Australia.
FAU - Brennan, Marnie L
AU  - Brennan ML
AD  - Centre for Evidence-based Veterinary Medicine, The University of Nottingham, 
      Loughborough, UK.
FAU - Williams, Hywel C
AU  - Williams HC
AD  - Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, 
      UK.
FAU - Dean, Rachel S
AU  - Dean RS
AD  - Centre for Evidence-based Veterinary Medicine, The University of Nottingham, 
      Loughborough, UK.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20161208
PL  - England
TA  - BMJ Open
JT  - BMJ open
JID - 101552874
SB  - IM
MH  - Bias
MH  - Clinical Decision-Making
MH  - Consensus
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies/*standards
MH  - Delphi Technique
MH  - Evidence-Based Medicine/*methods
MH  - Humans
MH  - Research Design/*standards
PMC - PMC5168618
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Critical appraisal
OT  - Cross sectional studies
OT  - Delphi
OT  - Evidence-based Healthcare
COIS- Conflicts of Interest: None declared.
EDAT- 2016/12/10 06:00
MHDA- 2017/11/29 06:00
PMCR- 2016/12/08
CRDT- 2016/12/10 06:00
PHST- 2016/12/10 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/12/10 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/11/29 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/12/08 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - bmjopen-2016-011458 [pii]
AID - 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011458 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMJ Open. 2016 Dec 8;6(12):e011458. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011458.