PMID- 27933277
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170926
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 2235-2988 (Electronic)
IS  - 2235-2988 (Linking)
VI  - 6
DP  - 2016
TI  - Lectins from Synadenium carinatum (ScLL) and Artocarpus heterophyllus (ArtinM) 
      Are Able to Induce Beneficial Immunomodulatory Effects in a Murine Model for 
      Treatment of Toxoplasma gondii Infection.
PG  - 164
LID - 164
AB  - Infection by Toxoplasma gondii affects around one-third of world population and 
      the treatment for patients presenting toxoplasmosis clinically manifested disease 
      is mainly based by a combination of sulfadiazine, pyrimethamine, and folinic 
      acid. However, this therapeutic protocol is significantly toxic, causing relevant 
      dose-related bone marrow damage. Thus, it is necessary to improve new approaches 
      to investigate the usefulness of more effective and non-toxic agents for 
      treatment of patients with toxoplasmosis. It has been described that lectins from 
      plants can control parasite infections, when used as immunological adjuvants in 
      vaccination procedures. This type of lectins, such as ArtinM and ScLL is able to 
      induce immunostimulatory activities, including efficient immune response against 
      parasites. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential immunostimulatory 
      effect of ScLL and ArtinM for treatment of T. gondii infection during acute 
      phase, considering that there is no study in the literature accomplishing this 
      issue. For this purpose, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were treated 
      with different concentrations from each lectin to determine the maximum 
      concentration without or with lowest cytotoxic effect. After, it was also 
      measured the cytokine levels produced by these cells when stimulated by the 
      selected concentrations of lectins. We found that ScLL showed high capacity to 
      induce of pro-inflammatory cytokine production, while ArtinM was able to induce 
      especially an anti-inflammatory cytokines production. Furthermore, both lectins 
      were able to increase NO levels. Next, we evaluated the treatment effect of ScLL 
      and ArtinM in C57BL/6 mice infected by ME49 strain from T. gondii. The animals 
      were infected and treated with ScLL, ArtinM, ArtinM plus ScLL, or sulfadiazine, 
      and the following parameters analyzed: Cytokines production, brain parasite 
      burden and survival rates. Our results demonstrated that the ScLL or ScLL plus 
      ArtinM treatment induced production of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory 
      cytokines, showing differential but complementary profiles. Moreover, when 
      compared with non-treated mice, the parasite burden was significantly lower and 
      survival rates higher in mice treated with ScLL or ScLL plus ArtinM, similarly 
      with sulfadiazine treatment. In conclusion, the results demonstrated the suitable 
      potential immunotherapeutic effect of ScLL and ArtinM lectins to control acute 
      toxoplasmosis in this experimental murine model.
CN  - Leandro Peixoto Ferreira de Souza
FAU - Ramos, Eliezer L P
AU  - Ramos EL
AD  - Laboratorio de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas-Universidade 
      Federal de Uberlandia Uberlandia, Brazil.
FAU - Santana, Silas S
AU  - Santana SS
AD  - Laboratorio de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas-Universidade 
      Federal de Uberlandia Uberlandia, Brazil.
FAU - Silva, Murilo V
AU  - Silva MV
AD  - Laboratorio de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas-Universidade 
      Federal de Uberlandia Uberlandia, Brazil.
FAU - Santiago, Fernanda M
AU  - Santiago FM
AD  - Laboratorio de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas-Universidade 
      Federal de Uberlandia Uberlandia, Brazil.
FAU - Mineo, Tiago W P
AU  - Mineo TW
AD  - Laboratorio de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas-Universidade 
      Federal de Uberlandia Uberlandia, Brazil.
FAU - Mineo, Jose R
AU  - Mineo JR
AD  - Laboratorio de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas-Universidade 
      Federal de Uberlandia Uberlandia, Brazil.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20161125
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Cell Infect Microbiol
JT  - Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
JID - 101585359
RN  - 0 (Adjuvants, Immunologic)
RN  - 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (Lectins)
RN  - 0 (Plant Extracts)
RN  - 0 (Protozoan Vaccines)
RN  - 0N7609K889 (Sulfadiazine)
RN  - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adjuvants, Immunologic/*pharmacology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
MH  - Artocarpus/*chemistry
MH  - Brain/immunology/parasitology
MH  - Cytokines/blood/drug effects
MH  - Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
MH  - DNA, Bacterial
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
MH  - Female
MH  - Lectins/administration & dosage/*pharmacology
MH  - Macrophages/drug effects/immunology
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred C57BL
MH  - Nitric Oxide/analysis
MH  - Parasite Load
MH  - Plant Extracts/*pharmacology
MH  - Protozoan Vaccines/immunology
MH  - Sulfadiazine/pharmacology
MH  - Survival Analysis
MH  - Toxoplasma/drug effects/*immunology/pathogenicity
MH  - Toxoplasmosis/*drug therapy/*immunology
PMC - PMC5122570
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - ArtinM
OT  - ScLL
OT  - Toxoplasma gondii
OT  - lectins
OT  - therapeutic agents
EDAT- 2016/12/10 06:00
MHDA- 2017/09/28 06:00
PMCR- 2016/01/01
CRDT- 2016/12/10 06:00
PHST- 2016/06/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/11/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/12/10 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/12/10 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/09/28 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00164 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2016 Nov 25;6:164. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00164. 
      eCollection 2016.