PMID- 27983705
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170428
LR  - 20200225
IS  - 1420-3049 (Electronic)
IS  - 1420-3049 (Linking)
VI  - 21
IP  - 12
DP  - 2016 Dec 15
TI  - Riboflavin Reduces Pro-Inflammatory Activation of Adipocyte-Macrophage 
      Co-culture. Potential Application of Vitamin B2 Enrichment for Attenuation of 
      Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Syndrome Development.
LID - 1724
AB  - Due to the progressive increase in the incidence of obese and overweight 
      individuals, cardiometabolic syndrome has become a worldwide pandemic in recent 
      years. Given the immunomodulatory properties of riboflavin, the current study was 
      performed to investigate the potency of riboflavin in reducing obesity-related 
      inflammation, which is the main cause of insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus 2 
      or arteriosclerosis. We determined whether pretreatment with a low dose of 
      riboflavin (10.4-1000 nM) affected the pro-inflammatory activity of 
      adipocyte-macrophage co-culture (3T3 L1-RAW 264.7) following lipopolysaccharide 
      stimulation (LPS; 100 ng/mL) which mimics obesity-related inflammation. The 
      apoptosis of adipocytes and macrophages as well as tumor necrosis factor-alpha 
      (TNF-alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), monocyte chemotactic 
      protein 1 (MCP-1), high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), transforming growth 
      factor-beta 1 (TGFbeta), interleukin 10 (IL-10), inducible nitric oxide synthase 
      (iNOS), nitric oxide (NO), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor 
      of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) expression and release, macrophage migration and 
      adipokines (adiponectin and leptin) were determined. Our results indicated an 
      efficient reduction in pro-inflammatory factors (TNFalpha, IL-6, MCP-1, HMGB1) upon 
      culture with riboflavin supplementation (500-1000 nM), accompanied by elevation 
      in anti-inflammatory adiponectin and IL-10. Moreover, macrophage migration was 
      reduced by the attenuation of chemotactic MCP-1 release and degradation of the 
      extracellular matrix by MMP-9. In conclusion, riboflavin effectively inhibits the 
      pro-inflammatory activity of adipocyte and macrophage co-cultures, and therefore 
      we can assume that its supplementation may reduce the likelihood of conditions 
      associated with the mild inflammation linked to obesity.
FAU - Mazur-Bialy, Agnieszka Irena
AU  - Mazur-Bialy AI
AD  - Department of Ergonomics and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Health Science, 
      Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegorzecka 20, 31-531 Krakow, Poland. 
      agnieszka.mazur@uj.edu.pl.
FAU - Pochec, Ewa
AU  - Pochec E
AD  - Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian 
      University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland. ewa.pochec@uj.edu.pl.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20161215
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Molecules
JT  - Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 100964009
RN  - 0 (Adiponectin)
RN  - 0 (Ccl2 protein, mouse)
RN  - 0 (Chemokine CCL2)
RN  - 0 (IL10 protein, mouse)
RN  - 0 (Lipopolysaccharides)
RN  - 130068-27-8 (Interleukin-10)
RN  - EC 3.4.24.35 (Matrix Metalloproteinase 9)
RN  - EC 3.4.24.35 (Mmp9 protein, mouse)
RN  - TLM2976OFR (Riboflavin)
SB  - IM
MH  - 3T3-L1 Cells
MH  - Adipocytes/cytology/immunology/*pathology
MH  - Adiponectin/metabolism
MH  - Animals
MH  - Apoptosis/*drug effects
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Cell Movement/drug effects
MH  - Chemokine CCL2/metabolism
MH  - Coculture Techniques
MH  - Extracellular Matrix/metabolism
MH  - Inflammation/drug therapy/immunology
MH  - Insulin Resistance/physiology
MH  - Interleukin-10/metabolism
MH  - Lipopolysaccharides
MH  - Macrophages/cytology/immunology/*pathology
MH  - Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
MH  - Metabolic Syndrome/drug therapy/*prevention & control
MH  - Mice
MH  - Obesity/*pathology
MH  - Riboflavin/*pharmacology
PMC - PMC6273179
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - adipocyte tissue
OT  - inflammation
OT  - insulin resistance
OT  - metabolic syndrome
OT  - obesity
OT  - obesity-related inflammation
OT  - riboflavin
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2016/12/17 06:00
MHDA- 2017/04/30 06:00
PMCR- 2016/12/15
CRDT- 2016/12/17 06:00
PHST- 2016/11/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/12/04 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2016/12/09 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/12/17 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/12/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/04/30 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/12/15 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - molecules21121724 [pii]
AID - molecules-21-01724 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/molecules21121724 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Molecules. 2016 Dec 15;21(12):1724. doi: 10.3390/molecules21121724.