PMID- 27991928 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20170907 LR - 20211204 IS - 1476-5594 (Electronic) IS - 0950-9232 (Print) IS - 0950-9232 (Linking) VI - 36 IP - 19 DP - 2017 May 11 TI - Stem cell-like transcriptional reprogramming mediates metastatic resistance to mTOR inhibition. PG - 2737-2749 LID - 10.1038/onc.2016.427 [doi] AB - Inhibitors of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) are currently used to treat advanced metastatic breast cancer. However, whether an aggressive phenotype is sustained through adaptation or resistance to mTOR inhibition remains unknown. Here, complementary studies in human tumors, cancer models and cell lines reveal transcriptional reprogramming that supports metastasis in response to mTOR inhibition. This cancer feature is driven by EVI1 and SOX9. EVI1 functionally cooperates with and positively regulates SOX9, and promotes the transcriptional upregulation of key mTOR pathway components (REHB and RAPTOR) and of lung metastasis mediators (FSCN1 and SPARC). The expression of EVI1 and SOX9 is associated with stem cell-like and metastasis signatures, and their depletion impairs the metastatic potential of breast cancer cells. These results establish the mechanistic link between resistance to mTOR inhibition and cancer metastatic potential, thus enhancing our understanding of mTOR targeting failure. FAU - Mateo, F AU - Mateo F AD - Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Laboratory, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Arenas, E J AU - Arenas EJ AD - Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Aguilar, H AU - Aguilar H AD - Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Laboratory, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Serra-Musach, J AU - Serra-Musach J AD - Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Laboratory, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - de Garibay, G Ruiz AU - de Garibay GR AD - Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Laboratory, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Boni, J AU - Boni J AD - Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Laboratory, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Maicas, M AU - Maicas M AD - Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) and Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. FAU - Du, S AU - Du S AD - Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. FAU - Iorio, F AU - Iorio F AD - European Molecular Biology Laboratory-European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK. AD - Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK. FAU - Herranz-Ors, C AU - Herranz-Ors C AD - Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Laboratory, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Islam, A AU - Islam A AD - Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh. FAU - Prado, X AU - Prado X AD - Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Laboratory, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Llorente, A AU - Llorente A AD - Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Laboratory, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Petit, A AU - Petit A AD - Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Bellvitge, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Vidal, A AU - Vidal A AD - Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Bellvitge, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Catala, I AU - Catala I AD - Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Bellvitge, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Soler, T AU - Soler T AD - Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Bellvitge, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Venturas, G AU - Venturas G AD - Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Bellvitge, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Rojo-Sebastian, A AU - Rojo-Sebastian A AD - Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Serra, H AU - Serra H AD - Angiogenesis Research Group, ProCURE, ICO, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Cuadras, D AU - Cuadras D AD - Statistics Unit, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Blanco, I AU - Blanco I AD - Hereditary Cancer Programme, ICO, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Lozano, J AU - Lozano J AD - Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Malaga University, and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Mediterranean Institute for the Advance of Biotechnology and Health Research (IBIMA), University Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain. FAU - Canals, F AU - Canals F AD - ProteoRed-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Proteomic Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Sieuwerts, A M AU - Sieuwerts AM AD - Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Cancer Genomics Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. FAU - de Weerd, V AU - de Weerd V AD - Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Cancer Genomics Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. FAU - Look, M P AU - Look MP AD - Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Cancer Genomics Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. FAU - Puertas, S AU - Puertas S AD - Chemoresistance and Predictive Factors Laboratory, ProCURE, ICO, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Garcia, N AU - Garcia N AD - Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Laboratory, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Perkins, A S AU - Perkins AS AD - University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA. FAU - Bonifaci, N AU - Bonifaci N AD - Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Laboratory, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Skowron, M AU - Skowron M AD - Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Laboratory, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Gomez-Baldo, L AU - Gomez-Baldo L AD - Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Laboratory, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Hernandez, V AU - Hernandez V AD - Biological Clues of the Invasive and Metastatic Phenotype Laboratory, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Martinez-Aranda, A AU - Martinez-Aranda A AD - Biological Clues of the Invasive and Metastatic Phenotype Laboratory, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Martinez-Iniesta, M AU - Martinez-Iniesta M AD - Chemoresistance and Predictive Factors Laboratory, ProCURE, ICO, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Serrat, X AU - Serrat X AD - Cancer and Human Molecular Genetics, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Ceron, J AU - Ceron J AD - Cancer and Human Molecular Genetics, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Brunet, J AU - Brunet J AD - Hereditary Cancer Programme, ICO, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain. FAU - Barretina, M P AU - Barretina MP AD - Department of Medical Oncology, ICO, IDIBGI, Girona, Spain. FAU - Gil, M AU - Gil M AD - Department of Medical Oncology, ICO, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Falo, C AU - Falo C AD - Department of Medical Oncology, ICO, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Fernandez, A AU - Fernandez A AD - Department of Medical Oncology, ICO, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Morilla, I AU - Morilla I AD - Department of Medical Oncology, ICO, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Pernas, S AU - Pernas S AD - Department of Medical Oncology, ICO, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Pla, M J AU - Pla MJ AD - Department of Gynecology, University Hospital of Bellvitge, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Andreu, X AU - Andreu X AD - Department of Pathology, Parc Tauli Hospital Consortium, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Segui, M A AU - Segui MA AD - Medical Oncology Service, Parc Tauli Hospital Consortium, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Ballester, R AU - Ballester R AD - Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, ICO, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Castella, E AU - Castella E AD - Department of Pathology, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, ICO, IGTP, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Nellist, M AU - Nellist M AD - Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. FAU - Morales, S AU - Morales S AD - Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRB Lleida), Lleida, Spain. FAU - Valls, J AU - Valls J AD - Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRB Lleida), Lleida, Spain. FAU - Velasco, A AU - Velasco A AD - Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRB Lleida), Lleida, Spain. FAU - Matias-Guiu, X AU - Matias-Guiu X AD - Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRB Lleida), Lleida, Spain. FAU - Figueras, A AU - Figueras A AD - Angiogenesis Research Group, ProCURE, ICO, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Sanchez-Mut, J V AU - Sanchez-Mut JV AD - Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Sanchez-Cespedes, M AU - Sanchez-Cespedes M AD - Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Cordero, A AU - Cordero A AD - Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Gomez-Miragaya, J AU - Gomez-Miragaya J AD - Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Palomero, L AU - Palomero L AD - Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Laboratory, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Gomez, A AU - Gomez A AD - Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Gajewski, T F AU - Gajewski TF AD - Departments of Pathology and Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. FAU - Cohen, E E W AU - Cohen EEW AD - Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. FAU - Jesiotr, M AU - Jesiotr M AD - Department of Pathology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland. FAU - Bodnar, L AU - Bodnar L AD - Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland. FAU - Quintela-Fandino, M AU - Quintela-Fandino M AD - Breast Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain. FAU - Lopez-Bigas, N AU - Lopez-Bigas N AD - Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain. AD - Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Valdes-Mas, R AU - Valdes-Mas R AD - Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Institute of Oncology of Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain. FAU - Puente, X S AU - Puente XS AD - Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Institute of Oncology of Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain. FAU - Vinals, F AU - Vinals F AD - Angiogenesis Research Group, ProCURE, ICO, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Casanovas, O AU - Casanovas O AD - Angiogenesis Research Group, ProCURE, ICO, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Graupera, M AU - Graupera M AD - Angiogenesis Research Group, ProCURE, ICO, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Hernandez-Losa, J AU - Hernandez-Losa J AD - Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Ramon Y Cajal, S AU - Ramon Y Cajal S AD - Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Garcia-Alonso, L AU - Garcia-Alonso L AD - European Molecular Biology Laboratory-European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK. FAU - Saez-Rodriguez, J AU - Saez-Rodriguez J AD - European Molecular Biology Laboratory-European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK. FAU - Esteller, M AU - Esteller M AD - Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. AD - Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain. AD - Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Sierra, A AU - Sierra A AD - Molecular and Translational Oncology Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center CELLEX-CRBC, Biomedical Research Institute 'August Pi i Sunyer' (IDIBAPS), and Systems Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Vic, Central University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Martin-Martin, N AU - Martin-Martin N AD - Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Derio, Spain. FAU - Matheu, A AU - Matheu A AD - Neuro-Oncology Section, Oncology Department, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain. AD - Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain. FAU - Carracedo, A AU - Carracedo A AD - Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Derio, Spain. AD - Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain. AD - Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain. FAU - Gonzalez-Suarez, E AU - Gonzalez-Suarez E AD - Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Nanjundan, M AU - Nanjundan M AD - Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA. FAU - Cortes, J AU - Cortes J AD - Department of Medical Oncology, VHIO, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Lazaro, C AU - Lazaro C AD - Hereditary Cancer Programme, ICO, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Odero, M D AU - Odero MD AD - Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) and Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. FAU - Martens, J W M AU - Martens JWM AD - Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Cancer Genomics Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. FAU - Moreno-Bueno, G AU - Moreno-Bueno G AD - Department of Biochemistry, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Biomedical Research Institute 'Alberto Sols' (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)-UAM), Translational Research Laboratory, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), and MD Anderson International Foundation, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Barcellos-Hoff, M H AU - Barcellos-Hoff MH AD - Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. FAU - Villanueva, A AU - Villanueva A AD - Chemoresistance and Predictive Factors Laboratory, ProCURE, ICO, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Gomis, R R AU - Gomis RR AD - Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain. AD - Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Pujana, M A AU - Pujana MA AD - Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Laboratory, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20161219 PL - England TA - Oncogene JT - Oncogene JID - 8711562 RN - 0 (Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing) RN - 0 (Carrier Proteins) RN - 0 (DNA-Binding Proteins) RN - 0 (FSCN1 protein, human) RN - 0 (MDS1 and EVI1 Complex Locus Protein) RN - 0 (MECOM protein, human) RN - 0 (Microfilament Proteins) RN - 0 (Osteonectin) RN - 0 (RPTOR protein, human) RN - 0 (Regulatory-Associated Protein of mTOR) RN - 0 (SOX9 Transcription Factor) RN - 0 (SOX9 protein, human) RN - 0 (SPARC protein, human) RN - 0 (Transcription Factors) RN - EC 2.7.1.1 (MTOR protein, human) RN - EC 2.7.11.1 (TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases) SB - IM MH - Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Breast Neoplasms/*genetics/pathology MH - Carrier Proteins/genetics MH - Cell Proliferation/genetics MH - DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics MH - Female MH - Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic MH - Humans MH - Lung Neoplasms/*genetics/pathology/secondary MH - MCF-7 Cells MH - MDS1 and EVI1 Complex Locus Protein MH - Microfilament Proteins/genetics MH - Middle Aged MH - Neoplasm Metastasis MH - Osteonectin/genetics MH - Proto-Oncogenes/*genetics MH - Regulatory-Associated Protein of mTOR MH - SOX9 Transcription Factor/*genetics MH - Signal Transduction/genetics MH - TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/*genetics MH - Transcription Factors/*genetics MH - Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays PMC - PMC5442428 COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2016/12/20 06:00 MHDA- 2017/09/08 06:00 PMCR- 2017/05/24 CRDT- 2016/12/20 06:00 PHST- 2016/03/10 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/08/31 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2016/10/10 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/12/20 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/09/08 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2016/12/20 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2017/05/24 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - onc2016427 [pii] AID - 10.1038/onc.2016.427 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Oncogene. 2017 May 11;36(19):2737-2749. doi: 10.1038/onc.2016.427. Epub 2016 Dec 19.