PMID- 27999325
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170913
LR  - 20211117
IS  - 1999-4915 (Electronic)
IS  - 1999-4915 (Linking)
VI  - 8
IP  - 12
DP  - 2016 Dec 17
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of the Antiviral Lectin Griffithsin Administered by Different 
      Routes Indicates Multiple Potential Uses.
LID - 10.3390/v8120331 [doi]
LID - 331
AB  - Griffithsin (GRFT) is a red alga-derived lectin with demonstrated broad spectrum 
      antiviral activity against enveloped viruses, including severe acute respiratory 
      syndrome-Coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), hepatitis C 
      virus (HCV), and herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2). However, its pharmacokinetic 
      profile remains largely undefined. Here, Sprague Dawley rats were administered a 
      single dose of GRFT at 10 or 20 mg/kg by intravenous, oral, and subcutaneous 
      routes, respectively, and serum GRFT levels were measured at select time points. 
      In addition, the potential for systemic accumulation after oral dosing was 
      assessed in rats after 10 daily treatments with GRFT (20 or 40 mg/kg). We found 
      that parenterally-administered GRFT in rats displayed a complex elimination 
      profile, which varied according to administration routes. However, GRFT was not 
      orally bioavailable, even after chronic treatment. Nonetheless, active GRFT 
      capable of neutralizing HIV-Env pseudoviruses was detected in rat fecal extracts 
      after chronic oral dosing. These findings support further evaluation of GRFT for 
      pre-exposure prophylaxis against emerging epidemics for which specific 
      therapeutics are not available, including systemic and enteric infections caused 
      by susceptible enveloped viruses. In addition, GRFT should be considered for 
      antiviral therapy and the prevention of rectal transmission of HIV-1 and other 
      susceptible viruses.
FAU - Barton, Christopher
AU  - Barton C
AD  - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of 
      Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA. christopher.barton@louisville.edu.
FAU - Kouokam, J Calvin
AU  - Kouokam JC
AD  - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of 
      Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA. j0kouo01@louisville.edu.
FAU - Hurst, Harrell
AU  - Hurst H
AD  - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of 
      Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA. hehurs01@louisville.edu.
FAU - Palmer, Kenneth E
AU  - Palmer KE
AD  - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of 
      Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA. kenneth.palmer@louisville.edu.
AD  - James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 
      Louisville, KY 40202, USA. kenneth.palmer@louisville.edu.
AD  - Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 
      Louisville, KY 40202, USA. kenneth.palmer@louisville.edu.
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 AI076169/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - T32 ES011564/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - U19 AI113182/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - HHSN272201100016C/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20161217
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Viruses
JT  - Viruses
JID - 101509722
RN  - 0 (Antiviral Agents)
RN  - 0 (Plant Lectins)
RN  - Z8PX5UX50U (griffithsin protein, Griffithsia)
SB  - IM
MH  - Administration, Intravenous
MH  - Administration, Oral
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antiviral Agents/*administration & dosage/*pharmacokinetics
MH  - Biological Availability
MH  - Feces/chemistry
MH  - Injections, Subcutaneous
MH  - Plant Lectins/*administration & dosage/*pharmacokinetics
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Serum/*chemistry
MH  - Time Factors
PMC - PMC5192392
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Griffithsin
OT  - per os
OT  - pharmacokinetics
OT  - rat model
OT  - systemic administration
COIS- Kenneth Palmer is a member of Intrucept Biomedicine LLC that holds a license to 
      make and sell Griffithsin from the United States Public Health Service. The 
      funding sponsors had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, 
      analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, and in the 
      decision to publish the results.
EDAT- 2016/12/22 06:00
MHDA- 2017/09/14 06:00
PMCR- 2016/12/01
CRDT- 2016/12/22 06:00
PHST- 2016/10/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/12/13 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2016/12/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/12/22 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/12/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/09/14 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/12/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - v8120331 [pii]
AID - viruses-08-00331 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/v8120331 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Viruses. 2016 Dec 17;8(12):331. doi: 10.3390/v8120331.