PMID- 28042657
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20171219
LR  - 20181105
IS  - 1530-0277 (Electronic)
IS  - 0145-6008 (Linking)
VI  - 41
IP  - 1
DP  - 2017 Jan
TI  - The Influence of Mixers Containing Artificial Sweetener or Different Doses of 
      Carbohydrate on Breath Alcohol Responses in Females.
PG  - 38-45
LID - 10.1111/acer.13264 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Breath alcohol responses may be affected by the presence of 
      carbohydrate (CHO) in a beverage. This study investigated the impact of consuming 
      alcohol with mixers containing various doses of CHO or an artificial sweetener on 
      breath alcohol concentration (BrAC), ratings of intoxication and impairment, and 
      cognitive performance in females. METHODS: Twenty-six females (age 
      25.1 +/- 0.7 years, mean +/- standard deviation) completed a crossover study 
      involving 4 trials. A dose of alcohol was consumed in each trial mixed with water 
      (W), artificial sweetener (150 +/- 1 mg aspartame [AS]), or CHO (15 g sucrose 
      [15CHO] and 50 g sucrose [50CHO]). BrAC was sampled for 210 minutes following 
      beverage ingestion and analyzed for peak BrAC and other parameters using 
      WinNonlin noncompartmental pharmacokinetic modeling (c(max) , t(max) , area under 
      the curve to the last measured time point [AUC(last) ]). An objective measure of 
      cognitive performance was assessed using a 4-choice reaction time (CRT) task. 
      Estimation of BrAC, self-reported ratings of intoxication, and willingness to 
      drive were recorded. RESULTS: Mean peak BrAC was reduced in a dose-response 
      manner when alcohol was consumed with CHO compared to both W and AS treatments 
      (W: 0.054 +/- 0.015%, AS: 0.052 +/- 0.011%, 15CHO: 0.049 +/- 0.008%, 50CHO: 
      0.038 +/- 0.007%). No difference in peak BrAC was observed between W and AS 
      treatments. WinNonlin parameters revealed significant differences in c(max) and 
      AUC(last) (W: 4.80 +/- 1.12 g/dl/h, AS: 4.61 +/- 0.92 g/dl/h, 15CHO: 
      4.10 +/- 0.86 g/dl/h, 50CHO: 3.11 +/- 0.58 g/dL/h) when CHO-containing beverages were 
      consumed compared to W and AS treatments. No difference in t(max) or CRT was 
      observed between treatments. Participants were able to detect subtle differences 
      in peak BrAC and reported greater ability to drive after consuming 50CHO compared 
      to W. However, participant's willingness to drive and CRT did not differ between 
      treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Consuming alcohol with CHO-containing mixers attenuates 
      peak BrAC and reduces total alcohol exposure in a dose-response manner compared 
      to drinks containing artificial sweetener or no additives. The effect of adding 
      CHO to alcoholic beverages may translate to reduced risk of alcohol-related 
      harms.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2016 by the Research Society on Alcoholism.
FAU - Smith, Cassie
AU  - Smith C
AD  - Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
AD  - School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, 
      Australia.
FAU - Herzig, Peter John
AU  - Herzig PJ
AD  - Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
AD  - School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, 
      Australia.
FAU - Davey, Andrew
AU  - Davey A
AD  - Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
AD  - School of Pharmacy, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
FAU - Desbrow, Ben
AU  - Desbrow B
AD  - Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
AD  - School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, 
      Australia.
FAU - Irwin, Christopher
AU  - Irwin C
AD  - Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
AD  - School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, 
      Australia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20161107
PL  - England
TA  - Alcohol Clin Exp Res
JT  - Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research
JID - 7707242
RN  - 0 (Carbohydrates)
RN  - 0 (Sweetening Agents)
RN  - 57-50-1 (Sucrose)
RN  - Z0H242BBR1 (Aspartame)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - *Alcohol Drinking/metabolism
MH  - Alcoholic Beverages/*analysis
MH  - Aspartame/administration & dosage/*analysis/metabolism
MH  - Breath Tests/methods
MH  - Carbohydrates/administration & dosage/analysis
MH  - Cognition/drug effects/physiology
MH  - Cross-Over Studies
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Single-Blind Method
MH  - Sucrose/administration & dosage/analysis/metabolism
MH  - Sweetening Agents/administration & dosage/*analysis/metabolism
MH  - Young Adult
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Alcohol
OT  - Artificially Sweetened Beverage
OT  - Carbohydrate
OT  - Fasted
EDAT- 2017/01/04 06:00
MHDA- 2017/12/20 06:00
CRDT- 2017/01/03 06:00
PHST- 2016/07/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/10/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/01/03 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/01/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/12/20 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1111/acer.13264 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2017 Jan;41(1):38-45. doi: 10.1111/acer.13264. Epub 2016 
      Nov 7.