PMID- 28049128
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170606
LR  - 20220903
IS  - 1600-0617 (Electronic)
IS  - 0905-9180 (Print)
IS  - 0905-9180 (Linking)
VI  - 26
IP  - 143
DP  - 2017 Jan
TI  - Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with pulmonary pathogens.
LID - 10.1183/16000617.0042-2016 [doi]
LID - 160042
AB  - Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is an exaggerated immune 
      response to a variety of pathogens in response to antiretroviral therapy-mediated 
      recovery of the immune system in HIV-infected patients. Although IRIS can occur 
      in many organs, pulmonary IRIS, associated with opportunistic infections such as 
      Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Pneumocystis jirovecii, is particularly associated 
      with high morbidity and mortality. The pathology of IRIS is associated with a 
      variety of innate and adaptive immune factors, including CD4(+) T-cells, CD8(+) 
      T-cells, gammadelta T-cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, the complement system and 
      surfactant proteins, Toll-like receptors and pro-inflammatory cytokines and 
      chemokines. Although there are numerous reports about the immune factors involved 
      in IRIS, the mechanisms involved in the development of pulmonary IRIS are poorly 
      understood. Here, we propose that studies using gene-deficient murine and 
      nonhuman primate models will help to identify the specific molecular targets 
      associated with the development of IRIS. An improved understanding of the 
      mechanisms involved in the pathology of pulmonary IRIS will help to identify 
      potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in this syndrome.
CI  - Copyright (c)ERS 2017.
FAU - Gopal, Radha
AU  - Gopal R
AD  - Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children's 
      Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
FAU - Rapaka, Rekha R
AU  - Rapaka RR
AD  - Division of Infectious Diseases and Center for Vaccine Development, University of 
      Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
FAU - Kolls, Jay K
AU  - Kolls JK
AD  - Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children's 
      Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Jay.Kolls@chp.edu.
LA  - eng
GR  - F30 ES015413/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P30 DK072506/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R37 HL079142/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - T32 AI007524/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20170103
PL  - England
TA  - Eur Respir Rev
JT  - European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory 
      Society
JID - 9111391
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Inflammation Mediators)
RN  - 0 (Toll-Like Receptors)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Adaptive Immunity
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cytokines/immunology/metabolism
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Host-Pathogen Interactions/*immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory 
      Syndrome/diagnosis/genetics/*immunology/metabolism
MH  - *Immunity, Innate
MH  - Inflammation Mediators/immunology/metabolism
MH  - Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology/metabolism
MH  - Mice, Knockout
MH  - Primates
MH  - Prognosis
MH  - Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis/genetics/*immunology/metabolism
MH  - Signal Transduction
MH  - Toll-Like Receptors/immunology/metabolism
PMC - PMC5642276
MID - NIHMS858854
COIS- Conflict of interest: Disclosures can be found alongside this article at 
      err.ersjournals.com
EDAT- 2017/01/04 06:00
MHDA- 2017/06/07 06:00
PMCR- 2017/01/03
CRDT- 2017/01/04 06:00
PHST- 2016/04/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/06/09 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/01/04 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/01/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/06/07 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/01/03 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 26/143/160042 [pii]
AID - ERR-0042-2016 [pii]
AID - 10.1183/16000617.0042-2016 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Eur Respir Rev. 2017 Jan 3;26(143):160042. doi: 10.1183/16000617.0042-2016. Print 
      2017 Jan.