PMID- 28062073
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170505
LR  - 20221207
IS  - 1879-2448 (Electronic)
IS  - 0043-1354 (Linking)
VI  - 110
DP  - 2017 Mar 1
TI  - Sludge accumulation and distribution impact the hydraulic performance in waste 
      stabilisation ponds.
PG  - 354-365
LID - S0043-1354(16)30877-6 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.watres.2016.11.031 [doi]
AB  - Waste stabilisation ponds (WSPs) are used worldwide for wastewater treatment, and 
      throughout their operation require periodic sludge surveys. Sludge accumulation 
      in WSPs can impact performance by reducing the effective volume of the pond, and 
      altering the pond hydraulics and wastewater treatment efficiency. Traditionally, 
      sludge heights, and thus sludge volume, have been measured using low-resolution 
      and labour intensive methods such as 'sludge judge' and the 'white towel test'. A 
      sonar device, a readily available technology, fitted to a remotely operated 
      vehicle (ROV) was shown to improve the spatial resolution and accuracy of sludge 
      height measurements, as well as reduce labour and safety requirements. Coupled 
      with a dedicated software package, the profiling of several WSPs has shown that 
      the ROV with autonomous sonar device is capable of providing sludge bathymetry 
      with greatly increased spatial resolution in a greatly reduced profiling time, 
      leading to a better understanding of the role played by sludge accumulation in 
      hydraulic performance of WSPs. The high-resolution bathymetry collected was used 
      to support a much more detailed hydrodynamic assessment of systems with low, 
      medium and high accumulations of sludge. The results of the modelling show that 
      hydraulic performance is not only influenced by the sludge accumulation, but also 
      that the spatial distribution of sludge plays a critical role in reducing the 
      treatment capacity of these systems. In a range of ponds modelled, the reduction 
      in residence time ranged from 33% in a pond with a uniform sludge distribution to 
      a reduction of up to 60% in a pond with highly channelized flow. The combination 
      of high-resolution measurement of sludge accumulation and hydrodynamic modelling 
      will help in the development of frameworks for wastewater sludge management, 
      including the development of more reliable computer models, and could potentially 
      have wider application in the monitoring of other small to medium water bodies, 
      such as channels, recreational water bodies, and commercial ports.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Coggins, Liah X
AU  - Coggins LX
AD  - School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, The University of Western 
      Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, M015, Crawley 6009, Western Australia, Australia. 
      Electronic address: liah.coggins@uwa.edu.au.
FAU - Ghisalberti, Marco
AU  - Ghisalberti M
AD  - School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, The University of Western 
      Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, M015, Crawley 6009, Western Australia, Australia. 
      Electronic address: marco.ghisalberti@unimelb.edu.au.
FAU - Ghadouani, Anas
AU  - Ghadouani A
AD  - School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, The University of Western 
      Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, M015, Crawley 6009, Western Australia, Australia. 
      Electronic address: anas.ghadouani@uwa.edu.au.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20161109
PL  - England
TA  - Water Res
JT  - Water research
JID - 0105072
RN  - 0 (Sewage)
RN  - 0 (Waste Water)
SB  - IM
MH  - Hydrodynamics
MH  - *Ponds
MH  - *Sewage
MH  - Waste Disposal, Fluid
MH  - Wastewater
MH  - Water Purification
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Bathymetry mapping
OT  - Modelling
OT  - Pond hydraulics
OT  - Sludge
OT  - Sludge management
OT  - Waste stabilization ponds
EDAT- 2017/01/08 06:00
MHDA- 2017/05/06 06:00
CRDT- 2017/01/08 06:00
PHST- 2016/07/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/10/19 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2016/11/07 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/01/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/05/06 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/01/08 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0043-1354(16)30877-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.watres.2016.11.031 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Water Res. 2017 Mar 1;110:354-365. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.11.031. Epub 2016 
      Nov 9.