PMID- 28072884
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170811
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 1
DP  - 2017
TI  - Structural and Ultrastructural Alterations in Human Olfactory Pathways and 
      Possible Associations with Herpesvirus 6 Infection.
PG  - e0170071
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0170071 [doi]
LID - e0170071
AB  - Structural and ultrastructural alterations in human olfactory pathways and 
      putative associations with human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) infection were studied. 
      The olfactory bulb/tract samples from 20 subjects with an unspecified 
      encephalopathy determined by pathomorphological examination of the brain autopsy, 
      17 healthy age-matched and 16 younger controls were used. HHV-6 DNA was detected 
      in 60, 29, and 19% of cases in these groups, respectively. In the whole 
      encephalopathy group, significantly more HHV-6 positive neurons and 
      oligodendrocytes were found in the gray matter, whereas, significantly more HHV-6 
      positive astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia/macrophages and endothelial 
      cells were found in the white matter. Additionally, significantly more HHV-6 
      positive astrocytes and, in particular, oligodendrocytes were found in the white 
      matter when compared to the gray matter. Furthermore, when only HHV-6 PCR+ 
      encephalopathy cases were studied, we observed similar but stronger associations 
      between HHV-6 positive oligodendrocytes and CD68 positive cells in the white 
      matter. Cellular alterations were additionally evidenced by anti-S100 
      immunostaining, demonstrating a significantly higher number of S100 positive 
      cells in the gray matter of the whole encephalopathy group when compared to the 
      young controls, and in the white matter when compared to both control groups. In 
      spite the decreased S100 expression in the PCR+ encephalopathy group when 
      compared to PCR- cases and controls, groups demonstrated significantly higher 
      number of S100 positive cells in the white compared to the gray matter. 
      Ultrastructural changes confirming the damage of myelin included irregularity of 
      membranes and ballooning of paranodal loops. This study shows that among the 
      cellular targets of the nervous system, HHV-6 most severely affects 
      oligodendrocytes and the myelin made by them.
FAU - Skuja, Sandra
AU  - Skuja S
AD  - Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia.
FAU - Zieda, Anete
AU  - Zieda A
AD  - Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia.
FAU - Ravina, Kristine
AU  - Ravina K
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 
      California, United States of America.
FAU - Chapenko, Svetlana
AU  - Chapenko S
AD  - A. Kirchenstein Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, 
      Riga, Latvia.
FAU - Roga, Silvija
AU  - Roga S
AD  - Department of Pathology, Riga 1st Hospital, Riga, Latvia.
FAU - Teteris, Ojars
AU  - Teteris O
AD  - Latvian State Centre for Forensic Medical Examination, Riga, Latvia.
FAU - Groma, Valerija
AU  - Groma V
AD  - Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia.
FAU - Murovska, Modra
AU  - Murovska M
AD  - A. Kirchenstein Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, 
      Riga, Latvia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170110
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Brain Diseases/etiology/*pathology/virology
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Female
MH  - Herpesvirus 6, Human/genetics/isolation & purification
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Microglia/ultrastructure/virology
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Neurons/ultrastructure/virology
MH  - Olfactory Bulb/*pathology/virology
MH  - Roseolovirus Infections/complications/*pathology/virology
PMC - PMC5224992
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2017/01/11 06:00
MHDA- 2017/08/12 06:00
PMCR- 2017/01/10
CRDT- 2017/01/11 06:00
PHST- 2016/07/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/12/28 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/01/11 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/01/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/08/12 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/01/10 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-16-27503 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0170071 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2017 Jan 10;12(1):e0170071. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170071. 
      eCollection 2017.