PMID- 28083975
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180131
LR  - 20180131
IS  - 1520-6300 (Electronic)
IS  - 1042-0533 (Linking)
VI  - 29
IP  - 3
DP  - 2017 May 6
TI  - Hay fever, asthma, and eczema and early infectious diseases among children in 
      Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.
LID - 10.1002/ajhb.22957 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To investigate the hygiene (or "old friends") hypothesis in a 
      high-infectious disease (ID) environment, rural Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. METHODS: 
      Among a cross-sectional sample of 2- to 7-year-old children, we collected 
      physician-diagnosed hay fever, asthma, and eczema, history of hospitalization, 
      family size, and household environment information via questionnaire; performed 
      active and passive surveillance for ID; and, evaluated total immunoglobulin E 
      (IgE) and biomarkers of inflammation in dried blood spot specimens. We used 
      regression models to describe patterns in allergic diseases. RESULTS: Complete 
      information was available for 280 children: 12.5% had been diagnosed with hay 
      fever; 18.9% with eczema; 2.1% with asthma. There was a positive association 
      between hay fever and eczema diagnoses (pi(2) : 4.07; P = 0.044); total IgE was 
      positively associated with eczema (beta: 0.24; P = 0.100) and allergic diseases 
      together (beta: 0.26; P = 0.042). ID were common: the incidence of any ID diagnosis 
      was 28 per 100 children per month. Hay fever was inversely associated with 
      household animals (OR: 0.27; P = 0.006), and positively associated with earth 
      housing materials (OR: 1.93; P = 0.079) and hospitalization in infancy with an ID 
      (3.16; P = 0.066); patterns were similar when allergic disease outcomes were 
      considered together. Few associations between these predictors and eczema or 
      asthma alone were apparent. CONCLUSIONS: Allergic diseases were common among 
      children in Kilimanjaro. The inverse association between household animals and 
      allergy is consistent with the hygiene/old friends hypothesis; however, positive 
      associations between allergic diseases and earth housing materials and early 
      hospitalization with ID bear further explanation.
CI  - (c) 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
FAU - Wander, Katherine
AU  - Wander K
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4913-5075
AD  - Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, New York, 
      13902.
AD  - Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195.
AD  - Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington, Seattle, 
      Washington, 98195.
FAU - Shell-Duncan, Bettina
AU  - Shell-Duncan B
AD  - Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195.
AD  - Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington, Seattle, 
      Washington, 98195.
FAU - Brindle, Eleanor
AU  - Brindle E
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4272-0909
AD  - Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington, Seattle, 
      Washington, 98195.
FAU - O'Connor, Kathleen
AU  - O'Connor K
AD  - Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195.
AD  - Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington, Seattle, 
      Washington, 98195.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170113
PL  - United States
TA  - Am J Hum Biol
JT  - American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology 
      Council
JID - 8915029
SB  - IM
MH  - Asthma/*epidemiology/etiology
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Communicable Diseases/*epidemiology/etiology
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Eczema/*epidemiology/etiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Hygiene
MH  - Male
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/*epidemiology/etiology
MH  - Tanzania/epidemiology
EDAT- 2017/01/14 06:00
MHDA- 2018/02/01 06:00
CRDT- 2017/01/14 06:00
PHST- 2016/03/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/08/24 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2016/12/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/01/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/02/01 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/01/14 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1002/ajhb.22957 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Am J Hum Biol. 2017 May 6;29(3). doi: 10.1002/ajhb.22957. Epub 2017 Jan 13.