PMID- 28104747
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170922
LR  - 20190111
IS  - 1537-1719 (Electronic)
IS  - 0737-4038 (Print)
IS  - 0737-4038 (Linking)
VI  - 34
IP  - 5
DP  - 2017 May 1
TI  - The Goddard and Saturn Genes Are Essential for Drosophila Male Fertility and May 
      Have Arisen De Novo.
PG  - 1066-1082
LID - 10.1093/molbev/msx057 [doi]
AB  - New genes arise through a variety of mechanisms, including the duplication of 
      existing genes and the de novo birth of genes from noncoding DNA sequences. While 
      there are numerous examples of duplicated genes with important functional roles, 
      the functions of de novo genes remain largely unexplored. Many newly evolved 
      genes are expressed in the male reproductive tract, suggesting that these 
      evolutionary innovations may provide advantages to males experiencing sexual 
      selection. Using testis-specific RNA interference, we screened 11 putative de 
      novo genes in Drosophila melanogaster for effects on male fertility and 
      identified two, goddard and saturn, that are essential for spermatogenesis and 
      sperm function. Goddard knockdown (KD) males fail to produce mature sperm, while 
      saturn KD males produce few sperm, and these function inefficiently once 
      transferred to females. Consistent with a de novo origin, both genes are 
      identifiable only in Drosophila and are predicted to encode proteins with no 
      sequence similarity to any annotated protein. However, since high levels of 
      divergence prevented the unambiguous identification of the noncoding sequences 
      from which each gene arose, we consider goddard and saturn to be putative de novo 
      genes. Within Drosophila, both genes have been lost in certain lineages, but show 
      conserved, male-specific patterns of expression in the species in which they are 
      found. Goddard is consistently found in single-copy and evolves under purifying 
      selection. In contrast, saturn has diversified through gene duplication and 
      positive selection. These data suggest that de novo genes can acquire essential 
      roles in male reproduction.
CI  - (c) The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society 
      for Molecular Biology and Evolution. All rights reserved. For permissions, please 
      e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
FAU - Gubala, Anna M
AU  - Gubala AM
AD  - Department of Biology, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA.
FAU - Schmitz, Jonathan F
AU  - Schmitz JF
AD  - Evolutionary Bioinformatics Group, Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, 
      University of Munster, Munster, Germany.
FAU - Kearns, Michael J
AU  - Kearns MJ
AD  - Department of Biology, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA.
FAU - Vinh, Tery T
AU  - Vinh TT
AD  - Department of Biology, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA.
FAU - Bornberg-Bauer, Erich
AU  - Bornberg-Bauer E
AD  - Evolutionary Bioinformatics Group, Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, 
      University of Munster, Munster, Germany.
FAU - Wolfner, Mariana F
AU  - Wolfner MF
AD  - Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
FAU - Findlay, Geoffrey D
AU  - Findlay GD
AD  - Department of Biology, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA.
AD  - Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
LA  - eng
GR  - F32 GM097789/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 HD038921/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
PL  - United States
TA  - Mol Biol Evol
JT  - Molecular biology and evolution
JID - 8501455
RN  - 0 (Drosophila Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biological Evolution
MH  - Drosophila/genetics
MH  - Drosophila Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics
MH  - Evolution, Molecular
MH  - Fertility/*genetics
MH  - Gene Duplication/genetics
MH  - Gene Knockdown Techniques/methods
MH  - Male
MH  - Spermatogenesis/*genetics
MH  - Spermatozoa/metabolism
MH  - Testis/metabolism
PMC - PMC5400382
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Drosophila
OT  - de novo gene
OT  - fertility
OT  - sexual selection
OT  - sperm
EDAT- 2017/01/21 06:00
MHDA- 2017/09/25 06:00
PMCR- 2018/05/01
CRDT- 2017/01/21 06:00
PHST- 2017/01/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/09/25 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/01/21 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/05/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - msx057 [pii]
AID - 10.1093/molbev/msx057 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mol Biol Evol. 2017 May 1;34(5):1066-1082. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msx057.