PMID- 28112581
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170619
LR  - 20211204
IS  - 1551-4005 (Electronic)
IS  - 1538-4101 (Print)
IS  - 1551-4005 (Linking)
VI  - 16
IP  - 5
DP  - 2017 Mar 4
TI  - Toxoplasma gondii induces autophagy and apoptosis in human umbilical cord 
      mesenchymal stem cells via downregulation of Mcl-1.
PG  - 477-486
LID - 10.1080/15384101.2017.1281484 [doi]
AB  - Autophagy and apoptosis are critical for controlling Toxoplasma gondii (T. 
      gondii) infection. T. gondii infection during pregnancy can damage the fetus and 
      cause birth defects; however, the molecular mechanisms of this process are poorly 
      understood. This study aims to determine the activities of autophagy and 
      apoptosis as well as their regulatory mechanisms during T. gondii infection by 
      using human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) as a model of 
      congenital diseases. LC3B, a hallmark protein of autophagy was incrementally 
      upregulated with the infection duration, whereas p62 was downregulated in T. 
      gondii-infected hUC-MSCs. Concurrent to this result, the invasion of T. gondii 
      into hUC-MSCs increased in a time-dependent manner. The expression levels of 
      Bcl-2 family proteins including Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bim, Bax, Bid and Bak were not 
      altered; however, Mcl-1 levels in hUC-MSCs were dramatically decreased upon T. 
      gondii infection. In addition, at 24 h post-infection, cleaved PARP and cleaved 
      caspase-3 protein levels were elevated in hUC-MSCs. Importantly, Mcl-1 
      overexpression reduced the levels of autophagy- and apoptosis-related proteins in 
      T. gondii-infected hUC-MSCs. Mcl-1 proteins were primarily expressed in the 
      fraction containing mitochondria and strongly interacted with Beclin-1 under 
      normal conditions; however, these interactions were remarkably attenuated by T. 
      gondii infection. These results suggest that mitochondrial Mcl-1 is an essential 
      signaling mediator regulating the activation of autophagy and apoptosis during T. 
      gondii infection.
FAU - Chu, Jia-Qi
AU  - Chu JQ
AD  - a Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of 
      Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang , China.
AD  - b Laboratory Institute of Minimally Invasive Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated 
      Hospital of Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang , China.
FAU - Jing, Kai-Peng
AU  - Jing KP
AD  - a Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of 
      Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang , China.
FAU - Gao, Xiang
AU  - Gao X
AD  - a Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of 
      Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang , China.
FAU - Li, Peng
AU  - Li P
AD  - a Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of 
      Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang , China.
FAU - Huang, Rui
AU  - Huang R
AD  - a Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of 
      Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang , China.
FAU - Niu, Yan-Ru
AU  - Niu YR
AD  - b Laboratory Institute of Minimally Invasive Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated 
      Hospital of Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang , China.
FAU - Yan, Shou-Quan
AU  - Yan SQ
AD  - a Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of 
      Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang , China.
FAU - Kong, Jun-Chao
AU  - Kong JC
AD  - b Laboratory Institute of Minimally Invasive Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated 
      Hospital of Guangdong Medical University , Zhanjiang , China.
FAU - Yu, Cai-Yuan
AU  - Yu CY
AD  - c Department of Gastroenterology , Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical 
      University , Zhanjiang , China.
FAU - Shi, Ge
AU  - Shi G
AD  - d Department of Dermatology , Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University 
      , Zhanjiang , China.
FAU - Fan, Yi-Ming
AU  - Fan YM
AD  - d Department of Dermatology , Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University 
      , Zhanjiang , China.
FAU - Lee, Young-Ha
AU  - Lee YH
AD  - e Department of Infection Biology , Chungnam National University School of 
      Medicine , Daejeon , Korea.
FAU - Zhou, Yu
AU  - Zhou Y
AD  - c Department of Gastroenterology , Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical 
      University , Zhanjiang , China.
FAU - Quan, Juan-Hua
AU  - Quan JH
AD  - c Department of Gastroenterology , Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical 
      University , Zhanjiang , China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170123
PL  - United States
TA  - Cell Cycle
JT  - Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)
JID - 101137841
RN  - 0 (BECN1 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Beclin-1)
RN  - 0 (Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.1 (TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Apoptosis
MH  - *Autophagy
MH  - Beclin-1
MH  - Cell Survival
MH  - *Down-Regulation
MH  - Humans
MH  - Mesenchymal Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism
MH  - Mitochondria/metabolism
MH  - Models, Biological
MH  - Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein/*metabolism
MH  - Protein Binding
MH  - TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
MH  - Toxoplasma/*physiology
MH  - Umbilical Cord/*cytology
PMC - PMC5351927
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Beclin-1
OT  - Mcl-1
OT  - Toxoplasma gondii
OT  - apoptosis
OT  - autophagy
OT  - cell death
OT  - umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell
EDAT- 2017/01/24 06:00
MHDA- 2017/06/20 06:00
PMCR- 2018/01/23
CRDT- 2017/01/24 06:00
PHST- 2017/01/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/06/20 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/01/24 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/01/23 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 1281484 [pii]
AID - 10.1080/15384101.2017.1281484 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Cell Cycle. 2017 Mar 4;16(5):477-486. doi: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1281484. Epub 
      2017 Jan 23.