PMID- 28131069
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170419
LR  - 20220318
IS  - 1872-8227 (Electronic)
IS  - 0168-8227 (Linking)
VI  - 125
DP  - 2017 Mar
TI  - Oral candidal speciation, virulence and antifungal susceptibility in type 2 
      diabetes mellitus.
PG  - 10-19
LID - S0168-8227(16)30650-7 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.01.001 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To determine the oral candidal carriage (OCC), activity of virulent 
      factors and fluconazole susceptibility in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus 
      (T2DM) and investigate their association with HbA1c measurements. MATERIALS AND 
      METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted on 100 diabetics and 100 healthy 
      volunteers. The virulence was assessed by measuring the phospholipase activity 
      and proteolysis index. Fluconazole susceptibility was performed using the 
      gradient diffusion method. The OCC, virulence factors and antifungal 
      susceptibility were correlated with patients' HbA1c measurements. RESULTS: The 
      OCC and candidal density carriage was significantly higher in diabetics. Candida 
      albicans (C. albicans) was the most frequently isolated species followed by 
      Candida tropicalis (C. tropicalis). Relatively uncommon species, Candida 
      lusitaniae (C. lusitaniae) and Candida lipolytica (C. lipolytica) were isolated 
      from the diabetics. Prevalence of virulence factor, proteinase, was greater in 
      diabetic group (p<0.05). Reduced fluconazole susceptibility was noted among the 
      isolates from diabetics; however it was not statistically significant (p=0.593). 
      Except one, all the susceptible-dose dependent and resistant isolates were 
      Candida no-albicans (C. non-albicans). CONCLUSION: C. albicans remains the 
      predominant pathogen in diabetics, although other species are on the rise. 
      Compared to control group, the isolated species from T2DM group had higher 
      proteinase activity. Resistance to fluconazole was considerably greater among the 
      C. non-albicans isolates from T2DM group. These findings warrant effective 
      treatment modalities to reduce the occurrence of oropharyngeal candidiasis.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Patel, Pratik N
AU  - Patel PN
AD  - Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, MCODS, Manipal, Manipal 
      University, Karnataka, India.
FAU - Sah, Parul
AU  - Sah P
AD  - Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, MCODS, Manipal, Manipal 
      University, Karnataka, India.
FAU - Chandrashekar, Chetana
AU  - Chandrashekar C
AD  - Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, MCODS, Manipal, Manipal 
      University, Karnataka, India.
FAU - Vidyasagar, Sudha
AU  - Vidyasagar S
AD  - Department of Medicine, KMC, Manipal, Manipal University, Karnataka, India.
FAU - Venkata Rao, J
AU  - Venkata Rao J
AD  - Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Microbiology, MCOPS, Manipal, 
      Manipal University, Karnataka, India.
FAU - Tiwari, Mradul
AU  - Tiwari M
AD  - Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Microbiology, MCOPS, Manipal, 
      Manipal University, Karnataka, India.
FAU - Radhakrishnan, Raghu
AU  - Radhakrishnan R
AD  - Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, MCODS, Manipal, Manipal 
      University, Karnataka, India. Electronic address: raghu.radhakrishnan@gmail.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170117
PL  - Ireland
TA  - Diabetes Res Clin Pract
JT  - Diabetes research and clinical practice
JID - 8508335
RN  - 0 (Antifungal Agents)
RN  - 8VZV102JFY (Fluconazole)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antifungal Agents/*therapeutic use
MH  - Candida/*drug effects
MH  - Candidiasis/*drug therapy/pathology
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
MH  - Female
MH  - Fluconazole/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Virulence
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Candida
OT  - Fluconazole susceptibility
OT  - Oral candidal carriage
OT  - Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)
OT  - Virulence
EDAT- 2017/01/29 06:00
MHDA- 2017/04/20 06:00
CRDT- 2017/01/29 06:00
PHST- 2016/09/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/12/17 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/01/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/01/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/04/20 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/01/29 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0168-8227(16)30650-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.01.001 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2017 Mar;125:10-19. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.01.001. 
      Epub 2017 Jan 17.