PMID- 28138315
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180131
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1550-2783 (Electronic)
IS  - 1550-2783 (Linking)
VI  - 14
DP  - 2017
TI  - Effect of mouth rinsing and ingestion of carbohydrate solutions on mood and 
      perceptual responses during exercise.
PG  - 4
LID - 10.1186/s12970-016-0161-8 [doi]
LID - 4
AB  - BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate whether mouth rinsing or 
      ingesting carbohydrate (CHO) solutions impact on perceptual responses during 
      exercise. METHODS: Nine moderately trained male cyclists underwent a 90-min 
      glycogen-reducing exercise, and consumed a low CHO meal, prior to completing an 
      overnight fast. A 1-h cycle time trial was performed the following morning. Four 
      trials, each separated by 7 days, were conducted in a randomized, counterbalanced 
      study design: 15% CHO mouth rinse (CHOR), 7.5% CHO ingestion (CHOI), placebo 
      mouth rinse (PLAR) and placebo ingestion (PLAI). Solution volumes 
      (1.5 ml . kg(-1) ingestion trials and 0.33 ml . kg(-1) rinsing trials) were 
      provided after every 12.5% of completed exercise. Perceptual scales were used to 
      assess affective valence (feeling scale, FS), arousal (felt arousal scale, FAS), 
      exertion (ratings of perceived exertion, RPE) and mood (profile of mood states, 
      POMS) before, during and immediately after exercise. RESULTS: There was no 
      difference in RPE (CHOI, 14.0 +/- 1.9; CHOR, 14.2 +/- 1.7; PLAI, 14.6 +/- 1.8; PLAR, 
      14.6 +/- 2.0; P = 0.35), FS (CHOI, 0.0 +/- 1.7; CHOR, -0.2 +/- 1.5; PLAI, -0.8 +/- 1.4; 
      PLAR, -0.8 +/- 1.6; P = 0.15), or FAS (CHOI, 3.6 +/- 1.1; CHOR, 3.5 +/- 1.0; PLAI, 
      3.4 +/- 1.4; PLAR, 3.3 +/- 1.3; P = 0.725) scores between trials. While overall POMS 
      score did not appear to differ between trials, the 'vigour' subscale indicated 
      that CHOI may facilitate the maintenance of 'vigour' scores over time, in 
      comparison to the steady decline witnessed in other trials (P = 0.04). There was 
      no difference in time trial performance between trials (CHOI, 65.3 +/- 4.8 min; 
      CHOR, 68.4 +/- 3.9 min; PLAI, 68.7 +/- 5.3 min; PLAR, 68.3 +/- 5.2 min; P = 0.21) but 
      power output was higher in CHOI (231.0 +/- 33.2 W) relative to other trials 
      (221-223.6 W; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In a CHO-reduced state, mouth rinsing with 
      a CHO solution did not impact on perceptual responses during high-intensity 
      exercise in trained cyclists and triathletes. On the other hand CHO ingestion 
      improved perceived ratings of vigour and increased power output during exercise.
FAU - Ali, Ajmol
AU  - Ali A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6093-1435
AD  - School of Sport and Exercise, Massey University, Albany, Auckland New Zealand. 
      GRID: grid.148374.d
FAU - Moss, Catherine
AU  - Moss C
AD  - University of Auckland Clinics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. 
      ISNI: 0000 0004 0372 3343. GRID: grid.9654.e
FAU - Yoo, Michelle Ji Yeon
AU  - Yoo MJY
AD  - School of Applied Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New 
      Zealand. ISNI: 0000 0001 0705 7067. GRID: grid.252547.3
FAU - Wilkinson, Alanah
AU  - Wilkinson A
AD  - School of Sport and Exercise, Massey University, Albany, Auckland New Zealand. 
      GRID: grid.148374.d
FAU - Breier, Bernhard H
AU  - Breier BH
AD  - School of Food and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand. GRID: 
      grid.148374.d
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
DEP - 20170125
PL  - United States
TA  - J Int Soc Sports Nutr
JT  - Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
JID - 101234168
RN  - 0 (Carbohydrates)
RN  - 0 (Mouthwashes)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Affect/drug effects
MH  - *Bicycling
MH  - Carbohydrates/*administration & dosage/pharmacology
MH  - *Dietary Supplements
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Mouthwashes
MH  - Physical Endurance/drug effects
MH  - Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
MH  - Treatment Outcome
PMC - PMC5264320
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Activation
OT  - Affect
OT  - Fluid ingestion
OT  - Perceived exertion
OT  - Sports drink
OT  - Time trial
EDAT- 2017/02/01 06:00
MHDA- 2018/02/01 06:00
PMCR- 2017/01/25
CRDT- 2017/02/01 06:00
PHST- 2016/08/19 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/12/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/02/01 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/02/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/02/01 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/01/25 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 161 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s12970-016-0161-8 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2017 Jan 25;14:4. doi: 10.1186/s12970-016-0161-8. 
      eCollection 2017.