PMID- 28139360
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180724
LR  - 20180726
IS  - 1573-2509 (Electronic)
IS  - 0920-9964 (Linking)
VI  - 189
DP  - 2017 Nov
TI  - Course of psychotic symptoms, depression and global functioning in persons at 
      clinical high risk of psychosis: Results of a longitudinal observation study over 
      three years focusing on both converters and non-converters.
PG  - 19-26
LID - S0920-9964(17)30053-1 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.schres.2017.01.040 [doi]
AB  - The aim of this study was to test the validity of the CHR state by focusing on 
      the course of psychosis spectrum symptoms, depression and global functioning in 
      converters and non-converters. A total of 188 CHR-positive subjects (60.2% men) 
      aged between 13 and 35years (mean=20.5) at study outset were assessed five times 
      (t0-t4) over a total observation period of 36months. Conversion to manifest 
      psychosis was defined according to ICD-10 criteria for schizophrenia (F20) or 
      brief psychotic disorder (F23). Measures of positive and negative symptoms were 
      assessed with the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes (SIPS), depression 
      with the Calgary Depression Scale (CDS), and global functioning with the Global 
      Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF). Converters scored higher over time on all 
      SIPS scales apart from grandiosity (Cohen's d: 0.5-0.7; all p<0.001), higher on 
      the CDS (d=0.43, p=0.001) and lower on the GAF (d=0.69, p<0.001) than did 
      non-converters. Positive and negative symptoms as well as depression were most 
      severe at study outset (t0) and then declined sharply following a linear function 
      over the three-year observation period (t1-t4) across groups (all linear 
      contrasts p<0.001). In conclusion, converters showed significantly more 
      psychopathological symptoms and poorer functioning before crossing the diagnostic 
      threshold for manifest psychosis. CHR-subjects who convert to manifest psychosis 
      during follow-up appear to be recovering from illness rather than becoming ill. 
      Major issues involve the poor discrimination of CHR state and psychosis as well 
      as the dichotomous definition of both at-risk and disease states. Further 
      examination in other CHR-samples is warranted.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Hengartner, Michael P
AU  - Hengartner MP
AD  - Department of Applied Psychology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Zurich, 
      Switzerland. Electronic address: michaelpascal.hengartner@zhaw.ch.
FAU - Heekeren, Karsten
AU  - Heekeren K
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital 
      of Psychiatry Zurich, Switzerland.
FAU - Dvorsky, Diane
AU  - Dvorsky D
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital 
      of Psychiatry Zurich, Switzerland.
FAU - Walitza, Susanne
AU  - Walitza S
AD  - Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of 
      Zurich, Switzerland.
FAU - Rossler, Wulf
AU  - Rossler W
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital 
      of Psychiatry Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 
      Charite - Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Institute of Psychiatry, 
      Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM 27), University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
FAU - Theodoridou, Anastasia
AU  - Theodoridou A
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital 
      of Psychiatry Zurich, Switzerland.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20170128
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Schizophr Res
JT  - Schizophrenia research
JID - 8804207
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Depression/*diagnosis/*etiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Longitudinal Studies
MH  - Male
MH  - *Prodromal Symptoms
MH  - Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
MH  - Psychotic Disorders/*complications/*diagnosis
MH  - Young Adult
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Clinical high risk
OT  - Conversion
OT  - Diagnosis
OT  - Psychosis
OT  - Schizophrenia
OT  - Transition
EDAT- 2017/02/01 06:00
MHDA- 2018/07/25 06:00
CRDT- 2017/02/01 06:00
PHST- 2016/12/19 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/01/23 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/01/24 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/02/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/07/25 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/02/01 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0920-9964(17)30053-1 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.schres.2017.01.040 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Schizophr Res. 2017 Nov;189:19-26. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.01.040. Epub 2017 
      Jan 28.