PMID- 28180029
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20200930
IS  - 2155-9899 (Print)
IS  - 2155-9899 (Electronic)
VI  - 7
IP  - 6
DP  - 2016 Dec
TI  - The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) in Schizophrenia: A Review.
LID - 479 [pii]
LID - 10.4172/2155-9899.1000479 [doi]
AB  - Epidemiological studies and mouse models suggest that maternal immune activation, 
      induced clinically through prenatal exposure to one of several infectious 
      diseases, is a risk factor in the development of schizophrenia. This is supported 
      by the strong genetic association established by genome wide association studies 
      (GWAS) between the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) locus and schizophrenia. HLA 
      proteins (also known in mice as the major histocompatibility complex; MHC) are 
      mediators of the T-lymphocyte responses, and genetic variability is 
      well-established as a risk factor for autoimmune diseases and susceptibility to 
      infectious diseases. Taken together, the findings strongly suggest that 
      schizophrenia risk in a subgroup of patients is caused by an infectious disease, 
      and/or an autoimmune phenomenon. However, this view may be overly simplistic. 
      First, MHC proteins have a non-immune effect on synaptogenesis by modulating 
      synaptic pruning by microglia and other mechanisms, suggesting that genetic 
      variability could be compromising this physiological process. Second, some GWAS 
      signals in the HLA locus map near non-HLA genes, such as the histone gene 
      cluster. On the other hand, recent GWAS data show association signals near 
      B-lymphocyte enhancers, which lend support for an infectious disease etiology. 
      Thus, although the genetic findings implicating the HLA locus are very robust, 
      how genetic variability in this region leads to schizophrenia remains to be 
      elucidated.
FAU - Mokhtari, Ryan
AU  - Mokhtari R
AD  - Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of 
      Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, USA.
FAU - Lachman, Herbert M
AU  - Lachman HM
AD  - Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of 
      Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, USA; Department of Genetics, 
      Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, USA; 
      Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park 
      Ave., Bronx, New York, USA; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of 
      Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 MH099427/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20161221
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Cell Immunol
JT  - Journal of clinical & cellular immunology
JID - 101563152
PMC - PMC5293234
MID - NIHMS843492
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - MHC
OT  - Schizophrenia
EDAT- 2017/02/10 06:00
MHDA- 2017/02/10 06:01
PMCR- 2017/02/06
CRDT- 2017/02/10 06:00
PHST- 2017/02/10 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/02/10 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/02/10 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2017/02/06 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 479 [pii]
AID - 10.4172/2155-9899.1000479 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Cell Immunol. 2016 Dec;7(6):479. doi: 10.4172/2155-9899.1000479. Epub 2016 
      Dec 21.