PMID- 28187365 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20180129 LR - 20181030 IS - 1873-4847 (Electronic) IS - 0955-2863 (Linking) VI - 42 DP - 2017 Apr TI - Low glycemic load diets protect against metabolic syndrome and Type 2 diabetes mellitus in the male Nile rat. PG - 134-148 LID - S0955-2863(17)30090-6 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.01.007 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Dietary modification helps prevent and manage Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in humans and Nile rats. Specifically fibrous legumes, like lentils, benefit humans, but whether this reflects a specific change in the Glycemic Load (GLoad) remains controversial. Accordingly, low-GLoad foods were tested in the glucose-sensitive Nile rat. METHODS: 131 male Nile rats aged 3 weeks to 15 months were challenged during four experiments with 15 dietary exposures that varied Glycemic Index (GI, 36-88), GLoad (102-305/2000 kcal), and cumulative GLoad (Cum GLoad=daysxGLoad, 181-537g total glucose). RESULTS: Lentil diets with low GLoads (102, 202) prevented, delayed, reduced, even reversed the progress of MetS and T2DM as measured by blood glucose (fasting, random, and oral glucose tolerance test) and plasma lipid parameters (plasma cholesterol and triglycerides) plus necropsy findings (liver and kidney pathology plus adipose reserves). The benefit from lentils exceeded dietary factors such as macronutrient composition (%Energy from carbohydrate:fat:protein, between 70:10:20 to 40:40:20), total fiber (0-24%), or dietary caloric density (2.9-4.7 kcal/g). The benefit of a low GLoad applied equally to rats inherently susceptible or resistant to T2DM, based on random glucose above or below 75 mg/dl, respectively, during interventions of 7-17 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Measuring total food intake and the novel concept of Cum GLoad during growth generated strong correlations (up to r=0.93) between Cum GLoad and parameters of MetS and T2DM, especially during sexual maturation. The present experiments confirm the applicability of male Nile rats to diet-induced human T2DM, and suggest dietary compositions to deter MetS and T2DM in humans. CI - Copyright (c) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Bolsinger, Julia AU - Bolsinger J AD - Foster Biomedical Research Laboratory, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02454, USA. Electronic address: bolsinger.julia@gmail.com. FAU - Landstrom, Michelle AU - Landstrom M AD - Foster Biomedical Research Laboratory, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02454, USA. Electronic address: mlandstrom@brandeis.edu. FAU - Pronczuk, Andrzej AU - Pronczuk A AD - Foster Biomedical Research Laboratory, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02454, USA. Electronic address: pronczuk@brandeis.edu. FAU - Auerbach, Andrew AU - Auerbach A AD - Foster Biomedical Research Laboratory, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02454, USA. Electronic address: aa1991@brandeis.edu. FAU - Hayes, K C AU - Hayes KC AD - Foster Biomedical Research Laboratory, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02454, USA. Electronic address: kchayes@brandeis.edu. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20170126 PL - United States TA - J Nutr Biochem JT - The Journal of nutritional biochemistry JID - 9010081 SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Body Weight MH - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*prevention & control MH - *Diet MH - Disease Models, Animal MH - Eating MH - Energy Intake MH - Glucose Tolerance Test MH - Glycemic Load MH - Hyperglycemia/diet therapy MH - Lens Plant MH - Male MH - Metabolic Syndrome/*prevention & control MH - Murinae MH - Weaning OTO - NOTNLM OT - Carbohydrate OT - Diabetes OT - Glycemic index OT - Glycemic load OT - Insulin resistance OT - Metabolic syndrome OT - Nile rat EDAT- 2017/02/12 06:00 MHDA- 2018/01/30 06:00 CRDT- 2017/02/11 06:00 PHST- 2016/03/11 00:00 [received] PHST- 2017/01/20 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2017/01/24 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2017/02/12 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/01/30 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2017/02/11 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0955-2863(17)30090-6 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.01.007 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Nutr Biochem. 2017 Apr;42:134-148. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.01.007. Epub 2017 Jan 26.