PMID- 28197827
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180301
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1550-7416 (Electronic)
IS  - 1550-7416 (Linking)
VI  - 19
IP  - 3
DP  - 2017 May
TI  - Phloretin Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Improves Metabolic 
      Homeostasis.
PG  - 797-805
LID - 10.1208/s12248-017-0053-0 [doi]
AB  - Reactive oxygen species generated as a by-product in metabolism play a central 
      role in the development of obesity and obesity-related metabolic complications. 
      The objective of the current study is to explore the possibility to block obesity 
      and improve metabolic homeostasis via phloretin, a natural antioxidant product 
      from apple tree leaves and Manchurian apricot. Both preventive and therapeutic 
      activities of phloretin were assessed using a high-fat diet-induced obesity mouse 
      model. Phloretin was injected intraperitoneally twice weekly into regular and 
      obese mice fed a high-fat diet. The effects of phloretin treatment on body weight 
      and composition, fat content in the liver, glucose and lipid metabolism, and 
      insulin resistance were monitored and compared to the control animals. Phloretin 
      treatment significantly blocks high-fat diet-induced weight gain but did not 
      induce weight loss in obese animals. Phloretin improved glucose homeostasis and 
      insulin sensitivity and alleviated hepatic lipid accumulation. RT-PCR analysis 
      showed that phloretin treatment suppresses expression of macrophage markers 
      (F4/80 and Cd68) and pro-inflammatory genes (Mcp-1 and Ccr2) and enhances 
      adiponectin gene expression in white adipose tissue. In addition, phloretin 
      treatment elevated the expression of fatty acid oxidation genes such as carnitine 
      palmitoyltransferase 1a and 1b (Cpt1a and Cpt1b) and reduced expression of 
      monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (Mcp-1), de novo lipogenesis transcriptional 
      factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma 2 (Ppargamma2), and its target 
      monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase (Mgat-1) genes. These results provide direct 
      evidence to support a possible use of phloretin for mitigation of obesity and 
      maintenance of metabolic homeostasis.
FAU - Alsanea, Sary
AU  - Alsanea S
AD  - Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, 
      University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA.
FAU - Gao, Mingming
AU  - Gao M
AD  - Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, 
      University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA.
FAU - Liu, Dexi
AU  - Liu D
AD  - Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, 
      University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA. dliu@uga.edu.
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 HL098295/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20170214
PL  - United States
TA  - AAPS J
JT  - The AAPS journal
JID - 101223209
RN  - 0 (Antioxidants)
RN  - 0 (Lipids)
RN  - S5J5OE47MK (Phloretin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adipose Tissue, White/drug effects
MH  - Adiposity/drug effects
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antioxidants/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
MH  - Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
MH  - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
MH  - Fatty Liver/etiology/*prevention & control
MH  - Hyperinsulinism/etiology/prevention & control
MH  - Inflammation/prevention & control
MH  - Insulin Resistance
MH  - Lipids/blood
MH  - Male
MH  - Metabolism/*drug effects
MH  - Mice, Inbred C57BL
MH  - Obesity/etiology/*prevention & control
MH  - Phloretin/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
MH  - Random Allocation
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - antioxidant
OT  - inflammation
OT  - insulin resistance
OT  - obesity
OT  - phloretin
EDAT- 2017/02/16 06:00
MHDA- 2018/03/02 06:00
CRDT- 2017/02/16 06:00
PHST- 2016/12/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/01/31 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/02/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/03/02 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/02/16 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1208/s12248-017-0053-0 [pii]
AID - 10.1208/s12248-017-0053-0 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - AAPS J. 2017 May;19(3):797-805. doi: 10.1208/s12248-017-0053-0. Epub 2017 Feb 14.