PMID- 28223788
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180116
LR  - 20231112
IS  - 1178-1998 (Electronic)
IS  - 1176-9092 (Print)
IS  - 1176-9092 (Linking)
VI  - 12
DP  - 2017
TI  - The level of emotion control, anxiety, and self-efficacy in the elderly in 
      Bialystok, Poland.
PG  - 305-314
LID - 10.2147/CIA.S128717 [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to assess the level of emotion control, 
      anxiety, and self-efficacy in the inhabitants of Bialystok (Poland) aged above 
      60. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 300 people above the age of 60, 
      inhabitants of Bialystok and its neighborhoods: 100 residents of public nursing 
      home, 100 participants of the University of the Third Age in Bialystok, and 100 
      students of the University of Healthy Senior. The three standardized psychometric 
      scales were used in the study: Courtauld Emotional Control Scale (CECS), 
      State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES). 
      RESULTS: The median of the overall score of CECS equaled 54 points, which is 
      considered average in terms of negative emotions acceptance. The mean score of 
      perceiving anxiety as the condition of STAI (X1) was 48 points, while anxiety as 
      a trait of STAI (X2) was 49 points. The overall score for GSES proved that 
      respondents had a subjective feeling of self-efficacy at the level of 29 points 
      out of 40 points possible, which means that their self-efficacy was rather at the 
      high level in their self-assessment. In women, a negative correlation was 
      revealed between the sense of self-efficacy and age (r=-0.320, P<0.001). 
      Analyzing the study group affiliation of respondents, a negative correlation was 
      reported between the sense of self-efficacy and age among the elderly residents 
      of public nursing home (r=-0.408, P<0.001). Taking into consideration the study 
      group affiliation of respondents, a positive correlation between anger control 
      (CECS) and the sense of anxiety as a trait of STAI (X2) was found among 
      participants of the University of Healthy Senior (r=0.307, P=0.002). CONCLUSION: 
      The social and demographic features (gender, group affiliation, age) analyzed in 
      the study were found to be correlated significantly with the control of negative 
      emotions, the level of anxiety, and self-efficacy. The study group affiliation 
      was a key variable conditioning the relations between the analyzed features. The 
      elderly residents of public nursing home belonged to the group distinguishing 
      negatively compared to other two study groups. The study respondents were 
      characterized by the relatively high perception of anxiety, which may be as a 
      result of the health and social problem present in this age group. In order to 
      improve the quality of life, the study population should reduce level of 
      perceived anxiety and increase the control of negative emotions and self-efficacy 
      by social integration of seniors. The study scores in the scale of CECS, STAI, 
      and GSES do not deviate from the world norms obtained by other researchers in the 
      rest of the world.
FAU - Cybulski, Mateusz
AU  - Cybulski M
AD  - Department of Integrated Medical Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical 
      University of Bialystok, Bialystok.
FAU - Cybulski, Lukasz
AU  - Cybulski L
AD  - Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn.
FAU - Krajewska-Kulak, Elzbieta
AU  - Krajewska-Kulak E
AD  - Department of Integrated Medical Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical 
      University of Bialystok, Bialystok.
FAU - Cwalina, Urszula
AU  - Cwalina U
AD  - Department of Statistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Health Sciences, 
      Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170208
PL  - New Zealand
TA  - Clin Interv Aging
JT  - Clinical interventions in aging
JID - 101273480
SB  - IM
MH  - Age Factors
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - Anxiety/*epidemiology
MH  - *Emotions
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Personality Inventory
MH  - Poland/epidemiology
MH  - Psychometrics
MH  - Quality of Life
MH  - *Self Efficacy
MH  - Sex Factors
MH  - Socioeconomic Factors
PMC - PMC5308481
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - emotion control
OT  - level of anxiety
OT  - old age
OT  - self-efficacy
OT  - the elderly
COIS- Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.
EDAT- 2017/02/23 06:00
MHDA- 2018/01/18 06:00
PMCR- 2017/02/08
CRDT- 2017/02/23 06:00
PHST- 2017/02/23 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/02/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/01/18 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/02/08 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - cia-12-305 [pii]
AID - 10.2147/CIA.S128717 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Clin Interv Aging. 2017 Feb 8;12:305-314. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S128717. eCollection 
      2017.