PMID- 28226251
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170505
LR  - 20171130
IS  - 1879-2448 (Electronic)
IS  - 0043-1354 (Linking)
VI  - 114
DP  - 2017 May 1
TI  - Effects of sulfate on heavy metal release from iron corrosion scales in drinking 
      water distribution system.
PG  - 69-77
LID - S0043-1354(17)30103-3 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.021 [doi]
AB  - Trace heavy metals accumulated in iron corrosion scales within a drinking water 
      distribution system (DWDS) could potentially be released to bulk water and 
      consequently deteriorate the tap water quality. The objective of this study was 
      to identify and evaluate the release of trace heavy metals in DWDS under changing 
      source water conditions. Experimental pipe loops with different iron corrosion 
      scales were set up to simulate the actual DWDS. The effects of sulfate levels on 
      heavy metal release were systemically investigated. Heavy metal releases of Mn, 
      Ni, Cu, Pb, Cr and As could be rapidly triggered by sulfate addition but the 
      releases slowly decreased over time. Heavy metal release was more severe in pipes 
      transporting groundwater (GW) than in pipes transporting surface water (SW). 
      There were strong positive correlations (R(2) > 0.8) between the releases of Fe 
      and Mn, Fe and Ni, Fe and Cu, and Fe and Pb. When switching to higher sulfate 
      water, iron corrosion scales in all pipe loops tended to be more stable 
      (especially in pipes transporting GW), with a larger proportion of stable 
      constituents (mainly Fe(3)O(4)) and fewer unstable compounds (beta-FeOOH, gamma-FeOOH, 
      FeCO(3) and amorphous iron oxides). The main functional iron reducing bacteria 
      (IRB) communities were favorable for the formation of Fe(3)O(4). The 
      transformation of corrosion scales and the growth of sulfate reducing bacteria 
      (SRB) accounted for the gradually reduced heavy metal release with time. The 
      higher metal release in pipes transporting GW could be due to increased 
      Fe(6)(OH)(12)CO(3) content under higher sulfate concentrations.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Sun, Huifang
AU  - Sun H
AD  - Institute of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 
      030006, China.
FAU - Shi, Baoyou
AU  - Shi B
AD  - Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for 
      Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; 
      University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. Electronic 
      address: byshi@rcees.ac.cn.
FAU - Yang, Fan
AU  - Yang F
AD  - College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 
      300384, China.
FAU - Wang, Dongsheng
AU  - Wang D
AD  - Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for 
      Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20170213
PL  - England
TA  - Water Res
JT  - Water research
JID - 0105072
RN  - 0 (Drinking Water)
RN  - 0 (Metals, Heavy)
RN  - 0 (Sulfates)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - E1UOL152H7 (Iron)
SB  - IM
MH  - Corrosion
MH  - Drinking Water/*microbiology
MH  - *Iron
MH  - Metals, Heavy
MH  - Sulfates
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical
MH  - Water Supply
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Drinking water distribution system
OT  - Heavy metal release
OT  - Iron corrosion scale
OT  - Sulfate
EDAT- 2017/02/23 06:00
MHDA- 2017/05/06 06:00
CRDT- 2017/02/23 06:00
PHST- 2016/11/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/02/08 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/02/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/02/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/05/06 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/02/23 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0043-1354(17)30103-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.021 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Water Res. 2017 May 1;114:69-77. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.021. Epub 2017 Feb 
      13.