PMID- 28248701
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180111
LR  - 20220321
IS  - 1473-6551 (Electronic)
IS  - 1350-7540 (Linking)
VI  - 30
IP  - 3
DP  - 2017 Jun
TI  - Autoimmune encephalitis with anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 or 
      anti-contactin-associated protein-like 2 antibodies (formerly called 
      voltage-gated potassium channel-complex antibodies).
PG  - 302-309
LID - 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000444 [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Twenty years since the discovery of voltage-gated potassium 
      channel (VGKC)-related autoimmunity; it is currently known that the antibodies 
      are not directed at the VGKC itself but to two closely associated proteins, 
      anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) and contactin-associated 
      protein-like 2 (Caspr2). Antibodies to LGI1 and Caspr2 give well-described 
      clinical phenotypes. Anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients mostly have limbic symptoms, 
      and anti-Caspr2 patients have variable syndromes with both central and peripheral 
      symptoms. A large group of patients with heterogeneous symptoms are VGKC positive 
      but do not have antibodies against LGI1 or Caspr2. The clinical relevance of VGKC 
      positivity in these 'double-negative' patients is questionable. This review 
      focusses on these three essentially different subgroups. RECENT FINDINGS: The 
      clinical phenotypes of anti-LGI1 encephalitis and anti-Caspr2 encephalitis have 
      been described in more detail including data on treatment and long-term 
      follow-up. A specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) association was found in 
      nontumor anti-LGI1 encephalitis, but not clearly in those with tumors. There has 
      been increasing interest in the VGKC patients without LGI1/Caspr2 antibodies 
      questioning its relevance in clinical practice. SUMMARY: Anti-LGI1 encephalitis 
      and anti-Caspr2 encephalitis are separate clinical entities. Early recognition 
      and treatment is necessary and rewarding. The term VGKC-complex antibodies, 
      lumping patients with anti-LGI1, anti-Caspr2 antibodies or lacking both, should 
      be considered obsolete.
FAU - Bastiaansen, Anna E M
AU  - Bastiaansen AEM
AD  - aDepartment of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 
      bDepartment of Neurology, Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands.
FAU - van Sonderen, Agnes
AU  - van Sonderen A
FAU - Titulaer, Maarten J
AU  - Titulaer MJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - England
TA  - Curr Opin Neurol
JT  - Current opinion in neurology
JID - 9319162
RN  - 0 (Autoantibodies)
RN  - 0 (CNTNAP2 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins)
RN  - 0 (LGI1 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Membrane Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Nerve Tissue Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated)
RN  - 0 (Proteins)
RN  - Hashimoto's encephalitis
SB  - IM
MH  - Autoantibodies/*analysis
MH  - Encephalitis/*immunology/physiopathology/therapy
MH  - Hashimoto Disease/*immunology/physiopathology/therapy
MH  - Humans
MH  - Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
MH  - Membrane Proteins/*immunology
MH  - Nerve Tissue Proteins/*immunology
MH  - Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated/immunology
MH  - Proteins/*immunology
EDAT- 2017/03/02 06:00
MHDA- 2018/01/13 06:00
CRDT- 2017/03/02 06:00
PHST- 2017/03/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/01/13 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/03/02 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000444 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Curr Opin Neurol. 2017 Jun;30(3):302-309. doi: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000444.