PMID- 28253291
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170912
LR  - 20190208
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 3
DP  - 2017
TI  - Stable self-serving personality traits in recreational and dependent cocaine 
      users.
PG  - e0172853
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0172853 [doi]
LID - e0172853
AB  - Chronic cocaine use has been associated with impairments in social cognition, 
      self-serving and antisocial behavior, and socially relevant personality disorders 
      (PD). Despite the apparent relationship between Machiavellianism and stimulant 
      use, no study has explicitly examined this personality concept in cocaine users 
      so far. In the frame of the longitudinal Zurich Cocaine Cognition Study, the 
      Machiavellianism Questionnaire (MACH-IV) was assessed in 68 recreational and 30 
      dependent cocaine users as well as in 68 psychostimulant-naive controls at 
      baseline. Additionally, three closely related personality dimensions from the 
      Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI)-cooperativeness, (social) reward 
      dependence, and self-directedness-and the screening questionnaire of the 
      Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II) 
      were acquired. At the one-year follow-up, 57 cocaine users and 48 controls were 
      reassessed with the MACH-IV. Finally, MACH-IV scores were correlated with 
      measures of social cognition and interaction (cognitive/emotional empathy, 
      Theory-of-Mind, prosocial behavior) and with SCID-II PD scores assessed at 
      baseline. Both recreational and dependent cocaine users showed significantly 
      higher Machiavellianism than controls, while dependent cocaine users additionally 
      displayed significantly lower levels of TCI cooperativeness and 
      self-directedness. During the one-year interval, MACH-IV scores showed high 
      test-retest reliability and also the significant gap between cocaine users and 
      controls remained. Moreover, in cocaine users, higher Machiavellianism correlated 
      significantly with lower levels of cooperativeness and self-directedness, with 
      less prosocial behavior, and with higher cluster B PD scores. However, 
      Machiavellianism was not correlated with measures of cocaine use severity 
      (r<-.15). Both recreational and dependent cocaine users display pronounced and 
      stable Machiavellian personality traits. The lack of correlations with severity 
      of cocaine use and its temporal stability indicates that a Machiavellian 
      personality trait might represent a predisposition for cocaine use that 
      potentially serves as a predictor for stimulant addiction.
FAU - Quednow, Boris B
AU  - Quednow BB
AD  - Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, 
      Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 
      Zurich, Switzerland.
FAU - Hulka, Lea M
AU  - Hulka LM
AD  - Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, 
      Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 
      Zurich, Switzerland.
FAU - Preller, Katrin H
AU  - Preller KH
AD  - Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, 
      Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 
      Zurich, Switzerland.
FAU - Baumgartner, Markus R
AU  - Baumgartner MR
AD  - Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, Center for Forensic Hair Analysis, 
      University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
FAU - Eisenegger, Christoph
AU  - Eisenegger C
AD  - Neuropsychopharmacology and Biopsychology Unit, Department of Basic Psychological 
      Research and Research Methods, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, 
      Vienna, Austria.
FAU - Vonmoos, Matthias
AU  - Vonmoos M
AD  - Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, 
      Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 
      Zurich, Switzerland.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170302
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Cocaine-Related Disorders/*psychology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - *Personality
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC5333846
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2017/03/03 06:00
MHDA- 2017/09/13 06:00
PMCR- 2017/03/02
CRDT- 2017/03/03 06:00
PHST- 2016/08/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/02/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/03/03 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/03/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/09/13 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/03/02 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-16-33892 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0172853 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2017 Mar 2;12(3):e0172853. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172853. 
      eCollection 2017.