PMID- 28254502
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180222
LR  - 20211204
IS  - 1618-1433 (Electronic)
IS  - 0940-2993 (Linking)
VI  - 69
IP  - 6
DP  - 2017 Jul 5
TI  - Maternal exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles during pregnancy and 
      lactation alters offspring hippocampal mRNA BAX and Bcl-2 levels, induces 
      apoptosis and decreases neurogenesis.
PG  - 329-337
LID - S0940-2993(17)30106-9 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.etp.2017.02.006 [doi]
AB  - INTRODUCTION: The usage of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO(2)-NPs) covers a 
      vast area in different fields ranging from cosmetics and food to the production 
      of drugs. Maternal exposure to TiO(2)-NPs during developmental period has been 
      associated with hippocampal injury and with a decrease in learning and memory 
      status of the offspring. However, little is known about its injury mechanism. 
      This paper describes the in vivo neurotoxic effects of TiO(2)-NPs on rat 
      offspring hippocampus during developmental period. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Pregnant 
      and lactating Wistar rats received intragastric TiO(2)-NPs (100mg/kg body weight) 
      daily from gestational day (GD) 2 to (GD) 21 and postnatal day (PD) 2 to (PD) 21 
      respectively. Animals in the control groups received an equal volume of distilled 
      water via gavage. At the end of the treatment process, offspring were deeply 
      anesthetized and sacrificed. Then brains of each group were collected and 
      sections of the rat offspring's brains were stained using TUNEL staining (for 
      detection of apoptotic cells) and immunostaining (for neurogenesis). Moreover, 
      the right hippocampus (n=6 per each group) were removed from the right hemisphere 
      for evaluating the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 level. RESULTS: Results of 
      histopatological examination by TUNEL staining showed that maternal exposure to 
      TiO(2)-NPs during pregnancy and lactation periods increased apoptotic cells 
      significantly (P<0.01) in the offspring hippocampus. The immunolabeling of double 
      cortin (DCX) protein as neurogenesis marker also showed that TiO(2)-NPs reduced 
      neurogenesis in the hippocampus of the offspring (P<0.05). Moreover, in 
      comparison with the control group, the mRNA levels of Bax and Bcl-2 in the 
      TiO(2)-NPs group significantly increased and decreased, respectively (P<0.01). 
      CONCLUSION: These findings provide strong evidence that maternal exposure to 
      TiO(2)-NPs significantly impact hippocampal neurogenesis and apoptosis in the 
      offspring. The potential impact of nanoparticle exposure for millions of pregnant 
      mothers and their offspring across the world is potentially devastating.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2017 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
FAU - Ebrahimzadeh Bideskan, Alireza
AU  - Ebrahimzadeh Bideskan A
AD  - Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of 
      Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
FAU - Mohammadipour, Abbas
AU  - Mohammadipour A
AD  - Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of 
      Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: MohammadiPA@mums.ac.ir.
FAU - Fazel, Alireza
AU  - Fazel A
AD  - Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of 
      Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
FAU - Haghir, Hossein
AU  - Haghir H
AD  - Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of 
      Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Medical Genetic Research Center (MGRC), School 
      of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
FAU - Rafatpanah, Houshang
AU  - Rafatpanah H
AD  - Immunology Research Center, Buali Institute, Mashhad University of Medical 
      Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
FAU - Hosseini, Mahmoud
AU  - Hosseini M
AD  - Neurocognitive Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 
      Iran.
FAU - Rajabzadeh, Aliakbar
AU  - Rajabzadeh A
AD  - Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of 
      Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170227
PL  - Germany
TA  - Exp Toxicol Pathol
JT  - Experimental and toxicologic pathology : official journal of the Gesellschaft fur 
      Toxikologische Pathologie
JID - 9208920
RN  - 0 (Dcx protein, rat)
RN  - 0 (Doublecortin Protein)
RN  - 0 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 0 (bcl-2-Associated X Protein)
RN  - 15FIX9V2JP (titanium dioxide)
RN  - D1JT611TNE (Titanium)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Apoptosis/drug effects
MH  - Doublecortin Protein
MH  - Female
MH  - Hippocampus/*drug effects/pathology
MH  - Lactation
MH  - Maternal Exposure/*adverse effects
MH  - Metal Nanoparticles/*toxicity
MH  - Neurogenesis/*drug effects
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/pathology
MH  - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/biosynthesis/drug effects
MH  - RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis/drug effects
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Wistar
MH  - Titanium/*toxicity
MH  - bcl-2-Associated X Protein/biosynthesis/drug effects
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Apoptosis
OT  - Hippocampus
OT  - Maternal exposure
OT  - Neurogenesis
OT  - Titanium dioxide nanoparticles
EDAT- 2017/03/04 06:00
MHDA- 2018/02/23 06:00
CRDT- 2017/03/04 06:00
PHST- 2016/07/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/02/16 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/02/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/03/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/02/23 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/03/04 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0940-2993(17)30106-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.etp.2017.02.006 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2017 Jul 5;69(6):329-337. doi: 10.1016/j.etp.2017.02.006. 
      Epub 2017 Feb 27.