PMID- 28272313
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170518
LR  - 20190125
IS  - 1420-3049 (Electronic)
IS  - 1420-3049 (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 3
DP  - 2017 Mar 6
TI  - Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Enzymatic Extraction Conditions for Improving 
      Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant and Antitumor Activities In Vitro from Trapa 
      quadrispinosa Roxb. Residues.
LID - 10.3390/molecules22030396 [doi]
LID - 396
AB  - Stems are the important residues of Trapa quadrispinosa Roxb., which are abundant 
      in phenolic compounds. Ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) is 
      confirmed as a novel extraction technology with main advantages of enhancing 
      extraction yield and physiological activities of the extracts from various 
      plants. In this study, UAEE was applied to obtain the highest yield of phenolic 
      content, strongest antioxidant, and antitumor activities and to optimize the 
      extraction conditions using response surface methodology (RSM). The extracts from 
      the stems of T. quadrispinosa were characterized by determination of their 
      antioxidant activities through 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline)-6-sulfonic 
      acid (ABTS), 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazxyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, total 
      antioxidant capacity (TAC), ferric reducing antioxidant capacity (FRAC) methods 
      and of their antitumor activity by MTT method. The selected key independent 
      variables were cellulase concentration (X(1): 1.5%-2.5%), extraction time (X(2): 
      20-30 min) and extraction temperature (X(3): 40-60  degrees C). The optimal extraction 
      conditions for total phenolic content (TPC) value of the extracts were determined 
      as 1.74% cellulase concentration, 25.5 min ultrasonic extraction time and 49.0  degrees C 
      ultrasonic temperature. Under these conditions, the highest TPC value of 53.6 +/- 
      2.2 mg Gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry weight (DW) was obtained, which agreed 
      well with the predicted value (52.596 mg GAE/g.DW. Furthermore, the extracts 
      obtained from UAEE presented highest antioxidant activities through ABTS, DPPH, 
      TAC and FRAC methods were of 1.54 +/- 0.09 mmol Trolox equivalent (TE)/g.DW; 1.45 +/- 
      0.07 mmol.TE/g.DW; 45.2 +/- 2.2 mg.GAE/g.DW; 50.4 +/- 2.6 mumol FeSO(4) equivalent/g.DW 
      and lowest IC(50) values of 160.4 +/- 11.6 mug/mL, 126.1 +/- 10.8 mug/mL, and 178.3 +/- 
      13.1 mug/mL against Hela, HepG-2 and U251 tumor cells, respectively. The results 
      indicated that the UAEE was an efficient alternative to improve extraction yield 
      and enhance the antioxidant and antitumor activities of the extracts. The 
      phenolic extracts from the stems of T. quadrispinosa had significant antioxidant 
      and antitumor activities, which could be used as a source of potential 
      antioxidant and antitumor agents.
FAU - Li, Feng
AU  - Li F
AD  - Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 
      Zhenjiang 212001, China. lifengjs@126.com.
AD  - School of food and biological engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, 
      China. lifengjs@126.com.
FAU - Mao, Yi-Dan
AU  - Mao YD
AD  - School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China. 
      danyimao123@163.com.
FAU - Wang, Yi-Fan
AU  - Wang YF
AD  - School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China. 
      15751002880@163.com.
FAU - Raza, Aun
AU  - Raza A
AD  - School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China. 
      aunraza1990@hotmail.com.
FAU - Qiu, Li-Peng
AU  - Qiu LP
AD  - Institute of life sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China. 
      tulip_lipeng@163.com.
FAU - Xu, Xiu-Quan
AU  - Xu XQ
AD  - School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China. 
      xxq781026@ujs.edu.cn.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170306
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Molecules
JT  - Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 100964009
RN  - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic)
RN  - 0 (Antioxidants)
RN  - 0 (Phenols)
RN  - 0 (Plant Extracts)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/*chemistry/*pharmacology
MH  - Antioxidants/*chemistry/*pharmacology
MH  - Cell Line, Tumor
MH  - Cell Survival/drug effects
MH  - Chemical Fractionation
MH  - Humans
MH  - Inhibitory Concentration 50
MH  - Phenols/*chemistry
MH  - Plant Extracts/*chemistry/*pharmacology
MH  - Tracheophyta/*chemistry
MH  - Ultrasonic Waves
PMC - PMC6155257
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Trapa quadrispinosa Roxb.
OT  - antioxidant activity
OT  - antitumor activity
OT  - response surface methodology
OT  - stems
OT  - ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2017/03/09 06:00
MHDA- 2017/05/19 06:00
PMCR- 2017/03/06
CRDT- 2017/03/09 06:00
PHST- 2017/02/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/02/24 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/03/01 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/03/09 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/03/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/05/19 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/03/06 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - molecules22030396 [pii]
AID - molecules-22-00396 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/molecules22030396 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Molecules. 2017 Mar 6;22(3):396. doi: 10.3390/molecules22030396.