PMID- 28301833
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180207
LR  - 20180514
IS  - 1421-9697 (Electronic)
IS  - 0250-6807 (Linking)
VI  - 70
IP  - 3
DP  - 2017
TI  - Persistent Environmental Toxicants in Breast Milk and Rapid Infant Growth.
PG  - 210-216
LID - 10.1159/000463394 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Many environmental toxicants are passed to infants in utero and 
      through breast milk. Exposure to toxicants during the perinatal period can alter 
      growth patterns, impairing growth or increasing obesity risk. Previous studies 
      have focused on only a few toxicants at a time, which may confound results. We 
      investigated levels of 26 toxicants in breast milk and their associations with 
      rapid infant growth, a risk factor for later obesity. METHODS: We used data from 
      the Norwegian HUMIS study, a multi-center cohort of 2,606 mothers and newborns 
      enrolled between 2002 and 2008. Milk samples collected 1 month after delivery 
      from a subset of 789 women oversampled by overweight were analyzed for toxicants 
      including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), heavy metals, and pesticides. Growth 
      was defined as change in weight-for-age z-score between 0 and 6 months among the 
      HUMIS population, and rapid growth was defined as change in z-score above 0.67. 
      We used a Bayesian variable selection method to determine the exposures that most 
      explained variation in the outcome. Identified toxicants were included in 
      logistic and linear regression models to estimate associations with growth, 
      adjusting for maternal age, smoking, education, pre-pregnancy body mass index 
      (BMI), gestational weight gain, parity, child sex, cumulative breastfeeding, 
      birth weight, gestational age, and preterm status. RESULTS: Of 789 infants, 19.2% 
      displayed rapid growth. The median maternal age was 29.6 years, and the median 
      pre-pregnancy BMI was 24.0 kg/m2, with 45.3% of mothers overweight or obese. 
      Rapid growers were more likely to be firstborn. Hexachlorobenzene, 
      beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH), and PCB-74 were identified in the variable 
      selection method. An interquartile range (IQR) increase in beta-HCH exposure was 
      associated with a lower odds of rapid growth (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.42-0.94). 
      Newborns exposed to high levels of beta-HCH showed reduced infant growth (beta = -0.03, 
      95% CI -0.05 to -0.01 for IQR increase in breast milk concentration). No other 
      significant associations were found. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that early 
      life beta-HCH exposure may be linked to slowed growth. Further research is warranted 
      on the potential mechanism behind this association and the longer-term metabolic 
      effects of perinatal beta-HCH exposure.
CI  - (c) 2017 S. Karger AG, Basel.
FAU - Criswell, Rachel
AU  - Criswell R
AD  - Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of 
      Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
FAU - Lenters, Virissa
AU  - Lenters V
FAU - Mandal, Siddhartha
AU  - Mandal S
FAU - Stigum, Hein
AU  - Stigum H
FAU - Iszatt, Nina
AU  - Iszatt N
FAU - Eggesbo, Merete
AU  - Eggesbo M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Multicenter Study
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20170317
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Ann Nutr Metab
JT  - Annals of nutrition & metabolism
JID - 8105511
RN  - 0 (Metals, Heavy)
RN  - 0 (Pesticides)
RN  - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Bayes Theorem
MH  - Birth Weight
MH  - Body Mass Index
MH  - Body Weight/*physiology
MH  - Cohort Studies
MH  - Female
MH  - Gestational Age
MH  - Growth/*physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant
MH  - Infant, Newborn
MH  - Logistic Models
MH  - Male
MH  - Maternal Age
MH  - Maternal Exposure/*adverse effects
MH  - Metals, Heavy/analysis/toxicity
MH  - Milk, Human/*chemistry
MH  - Norway
MH  - Obesity/physiopathology
MH  - Pesticides/analysis/toxicity
MH  - Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis/toxicity
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Pregnancy Complications/physiopathology
MH  - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/chemically induced/*physiopathology
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Breast milk
OT  - Environmental toxicants
OT  - Infant growth
OT  - Obesity
OT  - beta-Hexachlorocyclohexane
EDAT- 2017/03/17 06:00
MHDA- 2018/02/08 06:00
CRDT- 2017/03/17 06:00
PHST- 2016/12/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/02/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/03/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/02/08 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/03/17 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 000463394 [pii]
AID - 10.1159/000463394 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Ann Nutr Metab. 2017;70(3):210-216. doi: 10.1159/000463394. Epub 2017 Mar 17.