PMID- 28316570
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220317
IS  - 1663-4365 (Print)
IS  - 1663-4365 (Electronic)
IS  - 1663-4365 (Linking)
VI  - 9
DP  - 2017
TI  - Isometric Exercise Training for Managing Vascular Risk Factors in Mild Cognitive 
      Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease.
PG  - 48
LID - 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00048 [doi]
LID - 48
AB  - Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia diagnosed amongst 
      the elderly. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a condition often indicative of 
      the earliest symptomatology of AD with 10%-15% of MCI patients reportedly 
      progressing to a diagnosis of AD. Individuals with a history of vascular risk 
      factors (VRF's) are considered high risk candidates for developing cognitive 
      impairment in later life. Evidence suggests that vascular injury resulting from 
      untreated VRF's promotes progression from MCI to AD and exacerbates the severity 
      of dementia in AD, and neuroimaging studies have found that the neurodegenerative 
      processes associated with AD are heavily driven by VRF's that promote cerebral 
      hypoperfusion. Subsequently, common links between vascular disorders such as 
      hypertension and neurodegenerative disorders such as AD include compromised 
      vasculature, cerebral hypoperfusion and chronic low grade inflammation (a 
      hallmark of both hypertension and AD). Exercise has been demonstrated to be an 
      effective intervention for blood pressure management, chronic low grade 
      inflammation and improvements in cognition. Data from recent analyses suggests 
      that isometric exercise training (IET) may improve vascular integrity and elicit 
      blood pressure reductions in hypertensives greater than those seen with dynamic 
      aerobic and resistance exercise. IET may also play an effective role in the 
      management of VRF's at the MCI stage of AD and may prove to be a significant 
      strategy in the prevention, attenuation or delay of progression to AD. A 
      plausible hypothesis is that the reactive hyperemia stimulated by IET initiates a 
      cascade of vascular, neurotrophic and neuro-endocrine events that lead to 
      improvements in cognitive function.
FAU - Hess, Nicole C L
AU  - Hess NC
AD  - School of Science and Technology, University of New England Armidale, NSW, 
      Australia.
FAU - Smart, Neil A
AU  - Smart NA
AD  - School of Science and Technology, University of New England Armidale, NSW, 
      Australia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20170303
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Aging Neurosci
JT  - Frontiers in aging neuroscience
JID - 101525824
PMC - PMC5334511
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Alzheimers disease
OT  - blood pressure
OT  - hypertension
OT  - isometric exercise training
OT  - mild cognitive impairment
OT  - reactive hyperemia
OT  - vascular risk factors
EDAT- 2017/03/21 06:00
MHDA- 2017/03/21 06:01
PMCR- 2017/01/01
CRDT- 2017/03/21 06:00
PHST- 2016/04/04 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/02/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2017/03/21 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/03/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/03/21 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2017/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00048 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Aging Neurosci. 2017 Mar 3;9:48. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00048. eCollection 
      2017.